最后贷款者和存款保险制度研究

　　在高度竞争的市场经济条件下，一些银行因为经营不善会导致破产甚至关闭。为避免出现银行危机，需要对银行存款给予保护，除了行政的方式如央行的最后带宽给再贴现等外，还需要通过法律手段制定来保障。银行作为经营货币商品的企业，其自由资本少，主要通过吸引存款从事经营。银行的风险主要存在一下几个点：1.存款的不稳定性，若银行通过处理资产和借款等途径不能满足存款者的提存请求，就会有资金的流动性危机。2.经营货币商品的特点，银行的“借短贷长”的期限转换不能吸引大量存款供贷款流转的时候，容易陷入流动性危机。3.外部环境和经营风险。

　　In a highly competitive market economy, some banks will lead to bankruptcy because of poor management or even shut down. To avoid a banking crisis, the need for protection for bank deposits, in addition to administrative means such as the central bank rediscount endures to the end of the bandwidth, but also need to develop through legal means to protect. Bank operates as a monetary commodity business, its free capital less, mainly engaged in business by attracting deposits. Bank's exposure is mainly about a few points: 1. Deposits instability, if the bank and the borrower through the disposal of assets and other ways can not meet depositors escrow request, there will be a liquidity crisis. (2) the characteristics of commodity operating currency, the bank's "borrow short-term loans long" term conversion can not attract a large number of deposits for loans circulation, it is easy to fall into a liquidity crisis. 3. The external environment and operational risks.