动词时态与被动语态知识点讲解_高中英语
1.动词时态与被动语态的注意事项
(1)某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
①it is the first /second.. . time + that从句。that从句一般用现在完成时,如果把前边的is改为was,则that从句用过去完成时
this is the first time i have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。
it was the third time(that)lie had the same mistake. 他可是第三次犯同样的错误了:
②hardly had…done…when…和no sooner had…done... than…句型中,when和than从句里用一般过去时,表
示"刚刚……就……"
hardly(no sooner)had i got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
③1t + be+一段时间++ before从句
这个句式分两种情况,意为"长时间以后",即将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来时,意为"多长时间以后即将发生某事";如果主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为"多长时间后发生了某事"。
it won't be long before lie succeeds. 他不久就会成功的。
it was ten years before they met again. 十年后他们又见面了:
(2) "get+过去分词"可以表示被动
she got married last week.她上周结婚了。
the patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
he fell off the car and got killed.他从车上摔下来,死了。
(3)主动形式表被动意义
①表示状态的连系动词look,sound, feel, smell, taste , prove, appear+形容词/名词构成系表结构。
the apples look nice.这些苹果看上去挺好。
the cake tastes good.这蛋糕尝起来不错。
the plan proved practical.这项被证明是实用的。
②表示开始、结束、运动的动词有begin, finish, start, open, close,stop,end,shut,run,move等
work began at 7 o'clock this morning. 今天上午七点开始上班:
the shop closes at 6 pm every day. 商店每天下午六点关门。
③表示主语的某种属性特征的动词有read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open , cook , lock , shut , dry , eat , drink等这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语
this coat dries easily.这件外衣容易干。
nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易清洗。
food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。
your speech reads well.你的演说讲得很好。
this material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。
the recorder won't play.这录音机不能运转。
this knife cuts well.这把刀子很快::