直接引语和间接引语知识点讲解_高中英语
直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的原话叫直接引语,用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。一这两种引语都是宾语从句,但直接引语放在引号内,不用连词连接;间接引语不用引号,通常用连接词与主句连接
(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句
he said,"i'm very glad.”他说:“我很高兴。”
he said that he was very glad.他说他很高兴。,
(2)一般疑问句变为以whether或if引导的宾语从句
he said,“can you come this afternoon,john?” 他说:“约翰,你今天下午能来吗?”
he asked whether john could come that afternoon. 他问约翰下午是否能来厂
(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when there等疑问词引导的宾语从句
he said,“where is mr. ni'ang?”他说:“王先生在哪儿?”
he asked where mr. wang; was.他问王先生在哪儿
(4)间接引语中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语动词在时态上要保持一致。直接引语改为间接引语时,如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态,宾语从句中的动词时态则要随主句的谓语动词时态作相应的改变。其变化规则如下表所示
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
一般现在时 | 一般过去时(但客观真理仍用一般现在时) |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时(但从句中有明确 |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
①“i am a student,”lie said.
----he said he was a student.
②“i have learnt the poem by heart,”he said.
----he said he had learnt the poem by heart.
③“li ping found his lost book,”he said.
----he said li ping had found his lost hook.
〔注意〕①当直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时时,如果与一个具体的表示过去时间的状语连用,变为间接引语时,时态可以不变。
my father said to me,“i read the hook in 1986.”
---- my father told me that lie read the hook in 1986.
②当直接引语表达的是客观真理时,变为间接引语时,时态可以不变。
the geography teacher said to us,“the earth turns around the sun.
----the geography teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun.
(5)直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词、地点状语、时间状语和某些具有方向性的动词应作相应的改变,列表如下:
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
this(这) | that(那) |
these(这些) | those(那些) |
now(现在) | then(那时) |
today(今天) | that day(那天) |
yesterday(昨天) | the day before(前一天) |
last year(去年) | the year before(前一年) |
ago(……以前) | before(……以前) |
tomorrow(明天) | the next day(第二天) |
next month(下个月) | the next month(第二个月) |
here(这儿) | there(那儿) |
come(来) | go(去) |
bring(带来) | take(拿去) |
① she said to me,“i live here five years ago.
一she told me she lived there five years before.
② “i will do it today,”he said.
一he said he would do it that day.
③ “i did it yesterday,”lie said.
一he said he did it the day before.
④he said to me,“i will see her next week”
一he told me lie would see her the next week.
(6) 句型变化
①直接引语为疑问句时句型的变化
直接引语为疑问句时,变为间接引语除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应变化外,还应注意:
a.间接引语应改用陈述语序。
b.特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。
c.一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether(或if )
②直接引语为祈使句时句型的变化
当直接引语为祈使句时,变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order等词,而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。