知识能力聚焦讲解13_高中英语
6. last v.
( 1 ) vt. &vi.持续,延续;持续使用。
the meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两个小时
the cloth won't last long.这种布不结实
the hot weather lasted until september. 炎热的天气持续到9月份
our food can only last for three days. 我们的食物只能维持3天
(2)adj.最后的,极少可能的
he is the last person to tell a lie. 他是最不可能说谎的人
when were you last in london? 你上次在伦敦是什么时候?
she was quite well when i saw her last. 我上次见到她时,她很健康
(3)adv.最后;上一次,最近一次。
when did you last see him? 你最后一次见他是什么时候?
i saw helen only last week. 我上周还见过海伦.
he is the last but one in the line. 他是队列中的倒数第二个。
7. rise vi.升起;(太阳,月亮等)上升;上涨;增高;起床;起立;起义n.升高,升起;上涨;增长
(1)vi.
she rose to her feet.她站起来了
the price of a cup of coffee has risen by ten cents. 一杯咖啡的价钱涨了一角.
he rose from clerk a manager. 他从职员升为经理
the river rose rapidly after the typhoon. 台风过后河水瀑涨
early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy and wise.早睡早起使人身体健康头脑灵活.
(2)n.
there has been a sudden rise in the temperature. it is much hotter now.气温突然上升.现在天气热多了
8. ruin n.浅v.
(1)n.废墟;毁坏
the action is the ruin of the civilization. 这种行为是对文明的毁灭
the scandal brought about his ruin. 那件丑闻导致他身败名裂
the war brought ruin to the country. 战争给这个国家带来了毁灭
the ruin of property caused by the earthquake was very great.那次地震所导致的财产损失极大
(2)vt..毁坏,使破产
heavy smoking ruined his health. 吸烟过量毁坏了他的健康。
the crops were ruined by the flood. 农作物遭洪水毁坏。
she poured water all over my paiuting,and ruined it. 她把水全倒在我的画上,把画毁了
the fire ruined the books in the librarw. 大火毁坏了图书馆的书。
[辫析]ruin,destroy,damage
这三个词都含"破坏、毁坏"的意思
destroy指"彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复";damage指"价值、用途降低或外表损坏"等,不一定
全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复;ruin,现在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的"弄坏了"
you'll ruin your chance of the job if you wear that shirt to the interview!
你如果穿着那件衬衫面试,就会断送得到这份工作的机会!
all hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.
和平解决的一切希望都被他的讲话毁灭了。
his heart was slightly damaged as a result of the disease.由于生病,他的心脏轻微受损。
they managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。
9. almost adv.
意为"几乎,差不多;差一点就",常用来修饰形容词、副词或动词,置于被修饰的词语之前
i get up at six almost every day. 我几乎每天6点起床
she is almost as tall as her mother. 她差不多和她母亲一样高了
he almost fell off the bicycle. 他差一点就从自行车上摔下来
almost可与:no, none , nothing, never连用,相当于hardly any
the speaker said that almost nothing was worth listening to. 那位发言者说几乎没有什么值得听的。
〔辨析〕almost,nearly
almost和 nearly都有"几乎,差不多"的意思,通常可换用。
almost可与no,never,nothing等否定意义的词连用,但不可与not连用;而nearly一般用来修饰表示肯定意义的词语,不能与no,never,nothing,none等词连用,但可与not连用。
it's almost/nearly eleven o'clock.差不多十一点钟了
i've almost finished my homework. 我快要做完家庭作业了。
almost nobody believed his story. 几乎没有人相信他的故事。
he was almost/nearly run over by the car. 他差一点就被车子辗过。
10. occur v.发生,(想法,念头)想起,浮现
he told me how the accident occurred. 他告诉我那场事故是怎样发生的。
an excellent idea occurred to me when 1 woke up this morning.
今早起床时,我突然想到一个很棒的主意。
it occurred to me that i would travel to europe. 我突然想要到欧洲旅游。
[辫析]occur, happen,take place,break out
当事件作主语时,occur和happen同义,可互换。
在表示"在脑海中出现某种想法"时,应使用occur而不用happen。
在表示"碰巧做某事,偶然做某事"时,应使用happen,而不用occur.
take place作"发生"讲时,更多用于事先
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