知识能力聚焦讲解14_高中英语
11.辨析:take off ,take out
(1)take off
①起飞,出发
the plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.
飞机起飞得非常平稳,旅客几乎感觉不出来。
②脱掉,去掉,去除,带往
is helen's taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room?
海伦脱去上衣,是否因为屋里太热了?
③从……减去,取消,移开
your good news has taken a load off my mind. 你的好消息却下了我心头的一块石头
(2)take out
①把……拿出,把(某人)带出
my boyfriend is taking me out to a show tonight. 我男朋友今晚要带我去看表演、
②除去……,去除(污点)等
you will have to have the tooth taken out. 你必须拔掉那颗牙
③取得,获得(权利,许可等)
he'll take out a driver's license next week. 他下周将取得驾照.
12. cause
(1) cause作为动词用时,意为"引起,造成"( = make...happen),可跟宾语或带不定式的复合宾语)
speeding caused the accident. 车开得太快导致事故的发生.
(2) cause作为名词时,意为"原因,起因",着重指导致某种结果的原因,即指事物发生的直接原因,后可接of短语或不定式。
the cause of the accident was carelessness. 事故的原因是不谨慎。
you have no cause to complain. 你没有理由抱怨、
the cause of the fire was carelessness. 起火的原因是不谨慎
he is never absent from work without a good cause. 他绝不无故缺勤。
〔辫析〕cause,excuse,reason
cause指造成某现象、某结果的直接原因,常与effect连用
can you tell me the cause and effect of it? 你能不能告诉我它的前因后果。
excuse多指借口,用来推却责任
i will not listen to any excuse.我不听任何借口。
reason指通情达理、合乎理解地解释某事或某现象的理由
my reason is that the cost will be too high. 我的理由是费用太高。
13. carry vt.
(1)运;送
workers carry building materials in buckets at the end of long poles.
工人用长杆子的两端挑着捅来运送建筑材料。
(2)带走
the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth. 这头狮子甚至有可能用嘴叼走孩子。
〔辫析〕carry,bring,get,fetch,take
carry指随身携带;
bring指把某人或某物"带来",强调方向;
take意指把"人"或"物"带走、拿走,即从说话人这儿带到别处去;
get和fetch意思差不多,表示到某处把某人或某物找到并带来,get常用于口语。
let me carry this suitcase for you.让我替你拿这个箱子吧。:
next time you come,bring me that book. 下次来的时候,请把那本书带来。
please take the rubbish away.请把垃圾拿走:
who would like to go and get some water? 谁愿意去拿点水来?
could you fetch me, some water? 你能给我去取点水来吗?
14. affect v.
( 1 ) affect作动词用,表示"影响",通常指对身体、思想或情绪带来的不良影响:
the rise in prices will affect all classes. 物价的上涨使各阶层的人都受到影响。
the climate affected his health.气候影响了他的健康。
(2)还有"感动"之意:
the story affected us deeply.这个故事深深打动了我们:
〔辨析〕affect,effect,effort
(1) affect通常作及物动词,有"影响,感动,感染等"意思
( 2 ) effect通常作名词,意为"结果,效果,作用,影响等"
常用词组:have an effect on/upon sb.对某人有影响;take effect 生效,实行。
( 3 ) effort通常作名词,意思为"努力、尝试等"
[常用词组〕make an effort to do sth. /make efforts to do sth.努力做某事;
make every effort尽一切努力;spare no effort不遗余力。
15.辨析:it , one , that
it , one与that均可充当替代词,代替上文出现的人或事物,但三者各有不同。
this一般指在时间或空间上较近的人或物;
that常指在时间或空间上较远的人或物;
one表泛指,指代前面提到过的那类人或事物,用于指代可数名词,其复数形式ones前面一般要有定语,否则就要用some;
it特指,指代前面提到过的那个事物,用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词:。
this is my desk and that is yours.这是我的书桌,那是你的。
the population of shanghai is larger than that of wuhan. 上海的人口比武汉的(人口)多。
your question is a difficult one.你问的问题是一个难题。
these thin books are easy,but those thick ones are difficult.
这些薄书容易读(懂),但那些厚书却很难(读懂)。
i lost my watch yesterday and i haven't found it yet. 昨天我的手表丢了,现在我还没找到它。