知识能力聚焦讲解15_高中英语
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16. reach vt.抵达,到达;(常与out ,for连用)伸手;延伸;伸展;联系
i've been trying all day to reach him on the telephone. 我整天都在打电话找他。
we will reach shanghai tonight.我们将于今晚抵达上海:
i can't reach the shelf.我伸手摸不到架子:
the farmland reaches to the river. 农田延伸到河边
〔辫析〕arrive,get,reach
三个动词均可译为"到达".但arrive和get为不及物动词,reach为及物动词。结构为:arrive + in ( at)+宾
语,get + to+宾语,reach+宾语一般说来,到达一个大地方用arrive in; 5}}达一个小地方用arrive at
jack was always the first to arrive at the school. 杰克总是第一个到校。:
when did you arrive in wuhan? 你是什么时候到达武汉的?
he reached shanghai last month. 他上个月到达上海。
how did you reach the village? 你怎么到达这个村庄的?
when did you get home? 你是什么时候到家的?
how did you get there? 你是怎样到那儿的?
17.辨析:none, nobody, no one
可从下列3个方面进行区别:
(1)指代什么:nobody i no one只能指代人;none既能指代人又能指代物。
(2)能否与of连用:none可与of构成短语而no one和nobody则不能.
(3)用作单数还是复数:nobody, no one用作单数,none既可用作单数又可用作复数," none of+不可数名
词"用作单数,而"none of+可数名词复数"用作单复数都行)
he was left alone,with no one to look after him. 只剩下他一个人,没有人来照顾他。
none of my friends live near here. 我的朋友没一个住在这附近。
none of the furniture gets broken. 没有一件家具被损坏。
but none of the banks i spoke to were interested. 然而我所接洽过的银行(对此)都不感兴趣。
trees were cut but none were planted. 树木只砍不栽。
none of the food agrees with her. 这些食物全都不合她的口味。
none of them has(=have)come back yet. 他们一个都没有回来。
none of the telephones is(=are)working. 这些电话中没有一部是可以用的。
18. contain v.包含,含有
the jar contains sugar.那个罐子里装有糖:.
how much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子的容量是多少?
sea water contains salt.海水中含有盐:
〔辨析〕contain,hold,include
contain与hold均可指"含有,容纳",但contain指客观情况.即实际"含有,容纳,装有,包括"等;宾
语往往是主语的组成部分或内容.
hold指可能性,即"(能)容纳,(能)装"
include意为"'包括,包含",该词含有"作为一部分而被包括进去"的意思。
the parcel contained a dictionary. 这个包裹里装的是一本字典、:
the parcel included a dictionary. 这个包裹里包括了一本字典:
the auditorium holds 800 people. 这个礼堂可容纳800人。
19. have to不得不,必须
in the end she had to go to hospital.最后她不得不去医院、
i hate having to get up early in the morning. 我讨厌早上早起
[辫析] have to,must
have to表示客观上要做的事情,意思是"必须,不得不",后跟动词原形。而must表示说话人的主观想法
i have to look after my mother. 我得照料我妈妈:
i must stop and get some sleep. 我必须停下来,睡上一会儿。
20.辨析:near, nearby
( 1 ) near adj.附近的;adv.临近,附近;prep. 在……附近.
anyone who sees the lion is asked to inform the nearest police station.
任何见到这头狮子的人务必通知附近的警署:
the post office is quite near. 邮局就在不远的地方。
the summer vacation is drawing near(er). 暑假一天天临近了。
i often go swimming,sometimes in a lake near my home ,and sometimes in the river.
我经常去游泳,有时在离家不远的湖里游,有时则到河里去游.
last month he stayed for two weeks at his house near london.
上个月他在伦敦附近的屋子里住了两个星期.
( 2 ) nearby adj.附近的(置于所修饰的名词前、后均可)
he went to the nearby post office to send his letter.他到附近的邮局去寄信.
we went to a village nearby to help the farmers last week.上星期我们到附近的村子去帮助农民
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16. reach vt.抵达,到达;(常与out ,for连用)伸手;延伸;伸展;联系
i've been trying all day to reach him on the telephone. 我整天都在打电话找他。
we will reach shanghai tonight.我们将于今晚抵达上海:
i can't reach the shelf.我伸手摸不到架子:
the farmland reaches to the river. 农田延伸到河边
〔辫析〕arrive,get,reach
三个动词均可译为"到达".但arrive和get为不及物动词,reach为及物动词。结构为:arrive + in ( at)+宾
语,get + to+宾语,reach+宾语一般说来,到达一个大地方用arrive in; 5}}达一个小地方用arrive at
jack was always the first to arrive at the school. 杰克总是第一个到校。:
when did you arrive in wuhan? 你是什么时候到达武汉的?
he reached shanghai last month. 他上个月到达上海。
how did you reach the village? 你怎么到达这个村庄的?
when did you get home? 你是什么时候到家的?
how did you get there? 你是怎样到那儿的?
17.辨析:none, nobody, no one
可从下列3个方面进行区别:
(1)指代什么:nobody i no one只能指代人;none既能指代人又能指代物。
(2)能否与of连用:none可与of构成短语而no one和nobody则不能.
(3)用作单数还是复数:nobody, no one用作单数,none既可用作单数又可用作复数," none of+不可数名
词"用作单数,而"none of+可数名词复数"用作单复数都行)
he was left alone,with no one to look after him. 只剩下他一个人,没有人来照顾他。
none of my friends live near here. 我的朋友没一个住在这附近。
none of the furniture gets broken. 没有一件家具被损坏。
but none of the banks i spoke to were interested. 然而我所接洽过的银行(对此)都不感兴趣。
trees were cut but none were planted. 树木只砍不栽。
none of the food agrees with her. 这些食物全都不合她的口味。
none of them has(=have)come back yet. 他们一个都没有回来。
none of the telephones is(=are)working. 这些电话中没有一部是可以用的。
18. contain v.包含,含有
the jar contains sugar.那个罐子里装有糖:.
how much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子的容量是多少?
sea water contains salt.海水中含有盐:
〔辨析〕contain,hold,include
contain与hold均可指"含有,容纳",但contain指客观情况.即实际"含有,容纳,装有,包括"等;宾
语往往是主语的组成部分或内容.
hold指可能性,即"(能)容纳,(能)装"
include意为"'包括,包含",该词含有"作为一部分而被包括进去"的意思。
the parcel contained a dictionary. 这个包裹里装的是一本字典、:
the parcel included a dictionary. 这个包裹里包括了一本字典:
the auditorium holds 800 people. 这个礼堂可容纳800人。
19. have to不得不,必须
in the end she had to go to hospital.最后她不得不去医院、
i hate having to get up early in the morning. 我讨厌早上早起
[辫析] have to,must
have to表示客观上要做的事情,意思是"必须,不得不",后跟动词原形。而must表示说话人的主观想法
i have to look after my mother. 我得照料我妈妈:
i must stop and get some sleep. 我必须停下来,睡上一会儿。
20.辨析:near, nearby
( 1 ) near adj.附近的;adv.临近,附近;prep. 在……附近.
anyone who sees the lion is asked to inform the nearest police station.
任何见到这头狮子的人务必通知附近的警署:
the post office is quite near. 邮局就在不远的地方。
the summer vacation is drawing near(er). 暑假一天天临近了。
i often go swimming,sometimes in a lake near my home ,and sometimes in the river.
我经常去游泳,有时在离家不远的湖里游,有时则到河里去游.
last month he stayed for two weeks at his house near london.
上个月他在伦敦附近的屋子里住了两个星期.
( 2 ) nearby adj.附近的(置于所修饰的名词前、后均可)
he went to the nearby post office to send his letter.他到附近的邮局去寄信.
we went to a village nearby to help the farmers last week.上星期我们到附近的村子去帮助农民
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