英译汉样题，参考答案及评分标准_CET翻译
direction: in this part, there are five items which you should translate into chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. these sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the third part of the test paper. you鷄re allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. you can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
1. (lines 1- 3,para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act mote effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such a attention and memory.
2. (lines 2-4, para. 2, passage 1)
and someone with a history of doing mote rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
3. (lines 1 - 2, para. 5, passage 2)
too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). but rarely is success so mysterious.
4. (last sentence, passage 3)
the latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time o{ the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
5. (lines 4 - 6, para. 2, passage 4)
for the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
1. (lines 1 - 3, para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力
0.5
这类认知领域中更加有效地活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.50.5
可以认可的译法：
研究人员(已经)证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生(物)化(学)变化，(这种变化可
0.5
以)使头脑在(像)注意力和记忆力(的)这类认知领域中更加有效地(进行)活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
2. (lines 2 - 3, para. 2, passage 1)
鶤nd someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
1. (lines 1- 3,para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally
;engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act mote effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such a attention and memory.
2. (lines 2-4, para. 2, passage 1)
and someone with a history of doing mote rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
3. (lines 1 - 2, para. 5, passage 2)
too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). but rarely is success so mysterious.
4. (last sentence, passage 3)
the latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time o{ the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
5. (lines 4 - 6, para. 2, passage 4)
for the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
1. (lines 1 - 3, para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力
0.5
这类认知领域中更加有效地活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.50.5
可以认可的译法：
研究人员(已经)证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生(物)化(学)变化，(这种变化可
0.5
以)使头脑在(像)注意力和记忆力(的)这类认知领域中更加有效地(进行)活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
2. (lines 2 - 3, para. 2, passage 1)
鶤nd someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比一个
0.5
从来不积极动脑子的人的认知能力更为健全。(全句结构：0.5)
0.50.5
可以认可的译法：
习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比(比起)一个
0.5
从来不积极动脑子的人(来)的(其)认知能力更为健全。(全句结构：0.5)
3. (lines 1- 2, para. 5, passage 2)
too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). but rarely is success so mysterious.
我们常常相信别人的成功由于某种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇：
0.5 0.5
但成功极少是如此神秘的。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5
可以认可的译法；
我们常常相信(认为)别人的成功(是)由于某种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇。
0.5 0.5
但成功(其实)极少(往往不)是如此神秘的。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5
4．(last sentence，passage 3)
鶷he latter ignores the higher cost of poviding full services to a scattered community and鷗he cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident．
后者忽视了向分散居住的社区提供充分的服务需要较高的花费，以及
0.5 0.5
近郊居民上下班既费钱又费时间。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5
可以认可的译法：
后者忽视了(没有考虑到)向分散居住的(居民分散的)社区提供充分的服务(充分提供
0.5
服务)需要较高的花费，以及近郊居民上下班既费钱又费时间。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
5．(lines 4-5，para．2，passage 4)
鶩or the population as a whole，we must be more&
nbsp;concerned with the delayed effects of ab-
鷖orbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world．
从人口的总体考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄人少量的、在不知不觉中污染我们世界的
0.5 0.5
杀虫剂所造成的延发效应。(全句结构：0。5)
0.5
可以认可的译法：
从人口(人类)的总体考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄(吸)人少量的、
0.5
在不知不觉中污染我们世界的杀虫剂所造成的延发效应。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
英译汉技巧
1． 翻译标准--"忠实"与"通顺"
2． 翻译过程
1) 理解阶段
2) 表达阶段
3) 检查与润色
3． 常见结构的翻译
1)定语从句：a．译成"……的"结构鷅．译为分句c．融合法鷇．非限制性定语从句一般译为单句鷈．处理成偏正复句
2)同位语从句：a．分译法鷅．转换法
3)比较结构：a．译为"比…更…"鷅．译为最高级鷆，特殊比较结构
4)被动结构：a．译为被动 b．译为表语(是…的) c．译为主动 d．译为无主句或泛指主语句
translation
1. pollution and waste is a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.
2. as one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.
3. if you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.
4. they tell us, among other facts, that we don’t choose our favourite colour as we grow up---we are born with our preference.
5 in their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking".
1. (lines 1- 3,para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act mote effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such a attention and memory.
2. (lines 2-4, para. 2, passage 1)
and someone with a history of doing mote rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
3. (lines 1 - 2, para. 5, passage 2)
too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). but rarely is success so mysterious.
4. (last sentence, passage 3)
the latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time o{ the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
5. (lines 4 - 6, para. 2, passage 4)
for the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
1. (lines 1 - 3, para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力
0.5
这类认知领域中更加有效地活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.50.5
可以认可的译法：
研究人员(已经)证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生(物)化(学)变化，(这种变化可
0.5
以)使头脑在(像)注意力和记忆力(的)这类认知领域中更加有效地(进行)活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
2. (lines 2 - 3, para. 2, passage 1)
鶤nd someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
direction: in this part, there are five items which you should translate into chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. these sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the third part of the test paper. you鷄re allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. you can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
1. (lines 1- 3,para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally
;engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act mote effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such a attention and memory.
2. (lines 2-4, para. 2, passage 1)
and someone with a history of doing mote rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
3. (lines 1 - 2, para. 5, passage 2)
too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). but rarely is success so mysterious.
4. (last sentence, passage 3)
the latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time o{ the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
5. (lines 4 - 6, para. 2, passage 4)
for the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
1. (lines 1 - 3, para. 1, passage 1)
researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力
0.5
这类认知领域中更加有效地活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.50.5
可以认可的译法：
研究人员(已经)证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生(物)化(学)变化，(这种变化可
0.5
以)使头脑在(像)注意力和记忆力(的)这类认知领域中更加有效地(进行)活动。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
2. (lines 2 - 3, para. 2, passage 1)
鶤nd someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比一个
0.5
从来不积极动脑子的人的认知能力更为健全。(全句结构：0.5)
0.50.5
可以认可的译法：
习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比(比起)一个
0.5
从来不积极动脑子的人(来)的(其)认知能力更为健全。(全句结构：0.5)
3. (lines 1- 2, para. 5, passage 2)
too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). but rarely is success so mysterious.
我们常常相信别人的成功由于某种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇：
0.5 0.5
但成功极少是如此神秘的。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5
可以认可的译法；
我们常常相信(认为)别人的成功(是)由于某种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇。
0.5 0.5
但成功(其实)极少(往往不)是如此神秘的。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5
4．(last sentence，passage 3)
鶷he latter ignores the higher cost of poviding full services to a scattered community and鷗he cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident．
后者忽视了向分散居住的社区提供充分的服务需要较高的花费，以及
0.5 0.5
近郊居民上下班既费钱又费时间。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5
可以认可的译法：
后者忽视了(没有考虑到)向分散居住的(居民分散的)社区提供充分的服务(充分提供
0.5
服务)需要较高的花费，以及近郊居民上下班既费钱又费时间。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
5．(lines 4-5，para．2，passage 4)
鶩or the population as a whole，we must be more&
nbsp;concerned with the delayed effects of ab-
鷖orbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world．
从人口的总体考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄人少量的、在不知不觉中污染我们世界的
0.5 0.5
杀虫剂所造成的延发效应。(全句结构：0。5)
0.5
可以认可的译法：
从人口(人类)的总体考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄(吸)人少量的、
0.5
在不知不觉中污染我们世界的杀虫剂所造成的延发效应。(全句结构：0.5)
0.5 0.5
英译汉技巧
1． 翻译标准--"忠实"与"通顺"
2． 翻译过程
1) 理解阶段
2) 表达阶段
3) 检查与润色
3． 常见结构的翻译
1)定语从句：a．译成"……的"结构鷅．译为分句c．融合法鷇．非限制性定语从句一般译为单句鷈．处理成偏正复句
2)同位语从句：a．分译法鷅．转换法
3)比较结构：a．译为"比…更…"鷅．译为最高级鷆，特殊比较结构
4)被动结构：a．译为被动 b．译为表语(是…的) c．译为主动 d．译为无主句或泛指主语句
translation
1. pollution and waste is a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.
2. as one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.
3. if you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.
4. they tell us, among other facts, that we don’t choose our favourite colour as we grow up---we are born with our preference.
5 in their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking".