专家谈英译汉技巧_CET翻译
在英语四六级考试中，翻译题位居首卷题末，占卷面分值的10%，是整卷得分的关键。因为相对于我们的母语而言有很大程度上的区别，所以翻译时因为习惯上的不同，会出现一些错误。下面就针对此分两方面谈一谈怎样提高英译汉的能力。
翻译步骤
1.分析句子结构
but for many煛the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 2000. 6
what easier way is there for a nurse煛a policeman煛a barber煛or a waiter to lose professional identity 身份牎than to step out of uniform﹖
2.意动词的翻译
long after the 1998 world cup was won煛disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing裁判牎decisions that denied victory to their team.
3.意名词的翻译
social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.
4.注意代词的指代关系
5.注意从句的翻译
6.习惯搭配和惯用法
7.中人名及地名的翻译。
8.翻译应符合汉语习惯。检查语言错误和逻辑错误。
a doctor answered the phone and heard the familiar voice of a colleague on the other end of the line say煛 錡e need a fourth for poker.″
″i’ll be right over煛濉the doctor answered.
as he was putting on his coat煛his wife asked煛 錓s it serious﹖″
″oh煛yes煛濉the doctor answered gravely. ″in fact煛there are three doctors there already.″
翻译技巧
1.改变词类conversion。一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
this issue is of paramount importance.
rationing by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
oceanography has been defined as ″the application of all sciences to the study of the sea″. 1990. 1
2. 选词用字diction。
before hugo could protest煛he and the others were led away. (抗议-分辩)
put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
it’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
3.词序调整inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。
his address is 3612 market street煛philadelphia煛pa 19001煛usa.
don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
black and white tv煛iron and steel company
4.省略omission。
you cannot build a ship煛a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.
it took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm.
5.增词amplification。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。
i could knit when i was seven.
without a sense of your fault煛how can repentance and amendment be expected﹖ 如果
walking past the garden of eden煛adam’s son asked his father煛 錡ho owns that large estate﹖″
″that’s where your mother and i used to live煛濉replied adam煛 錬efore she ate us out of house and home.″
6.重复repetition牎
practically every river has an upper煛a middle and a lower part. 上游，中游，下游
if an atom contains three protons煛it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
7.正译反译法negation
the organization has not煛so far煛justified the hopes which the people set on it. (辜负)
suddenly he heard a sound behind him煛and realized he was not alone in the garage. (还有别人)
if a patient at beth israel is not responding to treatment煛it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. 1993. 1
翻译步骤
1.分析句子结构
but for many煛the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 2000. 6
what easier way is there for a nurse煛a policeman煛a barber煛or a waiter to lose professional identity 身份牎than to step out of uniform﹖
2.意动词的翻译
long after the 1998 world cup was won煛disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing裁判牎decisions that denied victory to their team.
3.意名词的翻译
social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.
4.注意代词的指代关系
5.注意从句的翻译
6.习惯搭配和惯用法
7.中人名及地名的翻译。
8.翻译应符合汉语习惯。检查语言错误和逻辑错误。
a doctor answered the phone and heard the familiar voice of a colleague on the other end of the line say煛 錡e need a fourth for poker.″
″i’ll be right over煛濉the doctor answered.
as he was putting on his coat煛his wife asked煛 錓s it serious﹖″
″oh煛yes煛濉the doctor answered gravely. ″in fact煛there are three doctors there already.″
翻译技巧
1.改变词类conversion。
英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
this issue is of paramount importance.
rationing by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
oceanography has been defined as ″the application of all sciences to the study of the sea″. 1990. 1
2. 选词用字diction。
before hugo could protest煛he and the others were led away. (抗议-分辩)
put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
it’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
3.词序调整inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。
his address is 3612 market street煛philadelphia煛pa 19001煛usa.
don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
black and white tv煛iron and steel company
4.省略omission。
you cannot build a ship煛a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.
it took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm.
5.增词amplification。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。
i could knit when i was seven.
without a sense of your fault煛how can repentance and amendment be expected﹖ 如果
walking past the garden of eden煛adam’s son asked his father煛 錡ho owns that large estate﹖″
″that’s where your mother and i used to live煛濉replied adam煛 錬efore she ate us out of house and home.″
6.重复repetition牎
practically every river has an upper煛a middle and a lower part. 上游，中游，下游
if an atom contains three protons煛it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
7.正译反译法negation
the organization has not煛so far煛justified the hopes which the people set on it. (辜负)
suddenly he heard a sound behind him煛and realized he was not alone in the garage. (还有别人)
if a patient at beth israel is not responding to treatment煛it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. 1993. 1
8.分译法division牎Ｓ⒂锍ぞ涠啵为了符合汉语表达习惯，可将长句拆成短句。
it was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us.
it has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.
because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion煛they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. 1993. 6
9.常见短语和重要句型的翻译
1)it goes without saying that…不言而喻的是……
2)it is common knowledge that…众所周知的是……
3)it occurs to me that…我突然想起
4)it is not that...but that…并不是说……而是说
5牎∧承┖蓄否定的翻译
plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined. 提炼矿石的工厂通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其它国家。
6)more...than...与其说……不如说……
she is more like his mother than like his teacher.
7)no more...than...和……一样都不
there is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take煛any more than they can limit how much water you drink. 他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
8)not...all...煛all is...not...并不是……都……
all that glitters is not gold.
both of the books are not helpful.
everyone doesn’t want to go to the concert.
9)cannot...too...无论……也不过分
we can’t praise him too much.
10)much less煛still less煛to say nothing of煛not to mention煛let alone更不用说
he knows little of mathematics煛and still less of chemistry.
in old china煛there was hardly any machine-building industry煛to say nothing of an electronic industry.
all they have to do is to press a button煛and they can see plays煛films煛operas and shows of every kind煛not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.
11)so...that...如此……以至于
and home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
12牎not so much...as...与其说……不如说……
science moves forward煛they say煛not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
13)not...because...(否定转移)并不是因为……
the police didn’t arrest me because i committed any crime. they said i was wandering on the street with the intent of committing an arrestable offense.
14牎anything...but...一点也不，决不 nothing...but...就是，仅仅，but for...要不是……
the method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind牎it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.
alone in a deserted house煛he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.
but for your timely help煛we couldn’t have finished the w
ork on time.
15)as特殊状语从句，译为定语从句
″in short″煛a leader of the new school contends煛 錿he scientific revolution煛as we call it煛was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.″
16牎what is called...所谓的，所说的……(东西)
one difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind煛feelings煛traits of character煛human nature and so on.
17)such...as...诸如……
whether to use tests煛other kinds of information煛or both in a particular situation depends煛therefore煛upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
18)not...not...双重否定，可依情况译为没有……不……，或每一个……，都……
10.注意惯用法，俚语和俗语的翻译。
mr. wilson talks a lot煛but mrs. wilson wears the trousers in their house.
it seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander公鹅.
i hope she will always feel like a daughter of america煛and not like a stepchild.
it’s a lot easier to get in the hole than to get out again.
翻译步骤
1.分析句子结构
but for many煛the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 2000. 6
what easier way is there for a nurse煛a policeman煛a barber煛or a waiter to lose professional identity 身份牎than to step out of uniform﹖
2.意动词的翻译
long after the 1998 world cup was won煛disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing裁判牎decisions that denied victory to their team.
3.意名词的翻译
social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.
4.注意代词的指代关系
5.注意从句的翻译
6.习惯搭配和惯用法
7.中人名及地名的翻译。
8.翻译应符合汉语习惯。检查语言错误和逻辑错误。
a doctor answered the phone and heard the familiar voice of a colleague on the other end of the line say煛 錡e need a fourth for poker.″
″i’ll be right over煛濉the doctor answered.
as he was putting on his coat煛his wife asked煛 錓s it serious﹖″
″oh煛yes煛濉the doctor answered gravely. ″in fact煛there are three doctors there already.″
翻译技巧
1.改变词类conversion。一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
this issue is of paramount importance.
rationing by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
oceanography has been defined as ″the application of all sciences to the study of the sea″. 1990. 1
2. 选词用字diction。
before hugo could protest煛he and the others were led away. (抗议-分辩)
put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
it’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
3.词序调整inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。
his address is 3612 market street煛philadelphia煛pa 19001煛usa.
don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
black and white tv煛iron and steel company
4.省略omission。
you cannot build a ship煛a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.
it took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm.
5.增词amplification。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。
i could knit when i was seven.
without a sense of your fault煛how can repentance and amendment be expected﹖ 如果
walking past the garden of eden煛adam’s son asked his father煛 錡ho owns that large estate﹖″
″that’s where your mother and i used to live煛濉replied adam煛 錬efore she ate us out of house and home.″
6.重复repetition牎
practically every river has an upper煛a middle and a lower part. 上游，中游，下游
if an atom contains three protons煛it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
7.正译反译法negation
the organization has not煛so far煛justified the hopes which the people set on it. (辜负)
suddenly he heard a sound behind him煛and realized he was not alone in the garage. (还有别人)
if a patient at beth israel is not responding to treatment煛it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. 1993. 1
在英语四六级考试中，翻译题位居首卷题末，占卷面分值的10%，是整卷得分的关键。因为相对于我们的母语而言有很大程度上的区别，所以翻译时因为习惯上的不同，会出现一些错误。下面就针对此分两方面谈一谈怎样提高英译汉的能力。
翻译步骤
1.分析句子结构
but for many煛the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 2000. 6
what easier way is there for a nurse煛a policeman煛a barber煛or a waiter to lose professional identity 身份牎than to step out of uniform﹖
2.意动词的翻译
long after the 1998 world cup was won煛disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing裁判牎decisions that denied victory to their team.
3.意名词的翻译
social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.
4.注意代词的指代关系
5.注意从句的翻译
6.习惯搭配和惯用法
7.中人名及地名的翻译。
8.翻译应符合汉语习惯。检查语言错误和逻辑错误。
a doctor answered the phone and heard the familiar voice of a colleague on the other end of the line say煛 錡e need a fourth for poker.″
″i’ll be right over煛濉the doctor answered.
as he was putting on his coat煛his wife asked煛 錓s it serious﹖″
″oh煛yes煛濉the doctor answered gravely. ″in fact煛there are three doctors there already.″
翻译技巧
1.改变词类conversion。
英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
this issue is of paramount importance.
rationing by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
oceanography has been defined as ″the application of all sciences to the study of the sea″. 1990. 1
2. 选词用字diction。
before hugo could protest煛he and the others were led away. (抗议-分辩)
put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
it’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
3.词序调整inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。
his address is 3612 market street煛philadelphia煛pa 19001煛usa.
don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
black and white tv煛iron and steel company
4.省略omission。
you cannot build a ship煛a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.
it took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm.
5.增词amplification。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。
i could knit when i was seven.
without a sense of your fault煛how can repentance and amendment be expected﹖ 如果
walking past the garden of eden煛adam’s son asked his father煛 錡ho owns that large estate﹖″
″that’s where your mother and i used to live煛濉replied adam煛 錬efore she ate us out of house and home.″
6.重复repetition牎
practically every river has an upper煛a middle and a lower part. 上游，中游，下游
if an atom contains three protons煛it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
7.正译反译法negation
the organization has not煛so far煛justified the hopes which the people set on it. (辜负)
suddenly he heard a sound behind him煛and realized he was not alone in the garage. (还有别人)
if a patient at beth israel is not responding to treatment煛it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. 1993. 1
8.分译法division牎Ｓ⒂锍ぞ涠啵为了符合汉语表达习惯，可将长句拆成短句。
it was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us.
it has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.
because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion煛they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. 1993. 6
9.常见短语和重要句型的翻译
1)it goes without saying that…不言而喻的是……
2)it is common knowledge that…众所周知的是……
3)it occurs to me that…我突然想起
4)it is not that...but that…并不是说……而是说
5牎∧承┖蓄否定的翻译
plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined. 提炼矿石的工厂通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其它国家。
6)more...than...与其说……不如说……
she is more like his mother than like his teacher.
7)no more...than...和……一样都不
there is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take煛any more than they can limit how much water you drink. 他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
8)not...all...煛all is...not...并不是……都……
all that glitters is not gold.
both of the books are not helpful.
everyone doesn’t want to go to the concert.
9)cannot...too...无论……也不过分
we can’t praise him too much.
10)much less煛still less煛to say nothing of煛not to mention煛let alone更不用说
he knows little of mathematics煛and still less of chemistry.
in old china煛there was hardly any machine-building industry煛to say nothing of an electronic industry.
all they have to do is to press a button煛and they can see plays煛films煛operas and shows of every kind煛not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.
11)so...that...如此……以至于
and home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
12牎not so much...as...与其说……不如说……
science moves forward煛they say煛not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
13)not...because...(否定转移)并不是因为……
the police didn’t arrest me because i committed any crime. they said i was wandering on the street with the intent of committing an arrestable offense.
14牎anything...but...一点也不，决不 nothing...but...就是，仅仅，but for...要不是……
the method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind牎it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.
alone in a deserted house煛he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.
but for your timely help煛we couldn’t have finished the w
ork on time.
15)as特殊状语从句，译为定语从句
″in short″煛a leader of the new school contends煛 錿he scientific revolution煛as we call it煛was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.″
16牎what is called...所谓的，所说的……(东西)
one difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind煛feelings煛traits of character煛human nature and so on.
17)such...as...诸如……
whether to use tests煛other kinds of information煛or both in a particular situation depends煛therefore煛upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
18)not...not...双重否定，可依情况译为没有……不……，或每一个……，都……
10.注意惯用法，俚语和俗语的翻译。
mr. wilson talks a lot煛but mrs. wilson wears the trousers in their house.
it seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander公鹅.
i hope she will always feel like a daughter of america煛and not like a stepchild.
it’s a lot easier to get in the hole than to get out again.