历年六级阅读真题练习[2]_CET真题
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
many americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. fergus clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the university of massachusetts-amherst,
says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. "the streets would be littered with people lying here and there."
though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. bruce ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the university of california, berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides（杀虫剂）. says he: "since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare." and many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance, which can cause cancer. mushrooms（磨菇）might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives（添加剂）. declares christina stark, a nutrients at cornell university: "we’ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made."
yet the issues are not that simple. while americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. they unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. if food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
to make good food and water supplies even better, the government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. the food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. the problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
many americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. fergus clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the university of massachusetts-amherst,
says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. "the streets would be littered with people lying&nbs
p;here and there."
though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. bruce ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the university of california, berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides（杀虫剂）. says he: "since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare." and many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance, which can cause cancer. mushrooms（磨菇）might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives（添加剂）. declares christina stark, a nutrients at cornell university: "we’ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made."
yet the issues are not that simple. while americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. they unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. if food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
to make good food and water supplies even better, the government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. the food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. the problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
21. what does the author think of the americans’ view of their food?
a) they overstate the government’s interference with the food industry.
b) they are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.
c) they overestimate the hazards of their food.
d) they overlook the risks of the food they eat.
22. the author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because __________.
a) no food is free from pollution in the environment
b) pesticides are widely used in agriculture
c) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals
d) almost all foods have additives
23. by saying "they employ chemical warfare" (line 4, para.2), bruce ames means "________".
a) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases
b) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth
c) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.
d) farmers use
chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases
24. the reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on _________.
a) the government
b) the consumer
c) the processor
d) the grower
25. what is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?
a) eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.
b) immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.
c) health food is not a dream in modern society.
d) there is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.
译文
很多美国人对有关食物的多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张的观点。马萨诸塞—阿姆赫特大学食品及营养系主任佛卡斯·克拉斯代尔直率地说，如果被细菌污染的鸡肉的危险像一些人认为的那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒的人。”
虽然公众越来越要求安全食品，但世界上没有这样的东西。伯克利的加里福尼亚大学化学系主任布鲁斯·阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%的重量是天然杀虫剂。他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。”许多自然生成的化学物质虽然量很小，但实验室化验却证明是强致癌物——可引起癌症的物质。如果用食品添加剂的标准来衡量，蘑菇就会被禁止食用。康乃尔大学的营养学家克利斯蒂娜·斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得的天然物质比任何人造的东西都糟糕得多。”
然而问题并不那么简单。尽管美国人没理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由要求食物和饮水安全有明显改进。他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸收了大量各种各样的危险物。要是食物中已经含有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新的人造致癌物就不大明智了。虽然大多数人能抵抗食物和水里的少量污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝的东西而患癌症。
为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理标准，严格检查并强化执行政策。食品工业应该修改某些人们长期接受的做法，或采用危险较小的做法。最重要的也许是消费者将不得不学习如何正确处理和烹制食物。需要解决从田间到加工场、再到厨房的整个食品供应过程中的全部问题。
大学六级考试阅读复习
虽然大学六级考试越来越受到广大的关注，但是六级考试的难度往往让许多考生感到心有余而力不足。所以，我根据我个人对六级考试的了解，针对六级的阅读部分给出一些复习备考的建议，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。
经过对历年六级考试真题的分析，我们不难看出六级阅读理解题大体上可以分为两类：1.直接题，比较简单，往往在理解题干的字面意思之后，就可直接从文章中找到答案；2.间接题，必须经过推理分析或概括才能得出答案。后一类题在六级考试中占多数，这就是考试难度之一的所在。
六级考试的难度还表现在以下三个大方面：1.受时间的限制，35分钟要读完1400个单词的3~4篇文章，并答好20题，不容拖延；2.受单词量以及某些长、难句的困扰；3.所读文章题材多变，出处各异，文字风格不同，给阅读造成一定的障碍。
既然我们现在已经知道问题的症结所在，那只要针对以上的问题，采取的方法逐个解决就万事大吉了。
首先，先来解决词汇及某些长、难句以及背景知识等的问题。我个人不太主张死背一本单词书，因为我认为单词必须结合上下文才有其实际的意义。死背一个单词的7、8种中文注释是件费力又劳神且效果并不是十分理想的苦差事。六级考试对很多单词只要求认知即可，花许多时间在一些比较生僻的单词上往往是事倍功半的。因此，我个人推荐边阅读文章边记单词的方法，这样不仅可以提升阅读量，而且可以在真实的语境中体会单词的真正意思。至于某些长、难句，我个人认为的一个比较行之有效的方法是：用一本小本子把六级真题中出现过的你认为的长、难句摘录下来，仔细分析每一句句子，了解其结构。这样坚持做下去，积累到30句句子左右的时候，我可以保证你阅读长、难句的能力会有一个令你自己都不敢相信的飞跃。
其次，来解决阅读文章题材多样，出处各异，文字风格不同所带来的障碍。六级阅读文章大致可以分为两类：1.人文社会方面，尤以社会方面为主，如文化、、婚姻、家庭、、交通、住房、环境、能源及其他社会现象。阅读这类文章的关键是抓住作者所支持或反对的观点，以及作者对文中所叙述的人文社会现象的态度；2.科学技术方面，如动植物、地址、海洋、遗传、语言、空间、医学、空间技术及其他最新科技理论与成果。阅读此类文章的关键是抓住作者论述的中心以及作者对于理论或成果的优劣判断。在人文社会方面的文章中，出题者主要通过长、难句给考生制造麻烦，所以考生必须有一定的长、难句阅读能力；而在技术方面的文章中，出题者主要试图通过一些专业术语给考生设置障碍，因此，考生必须具备一定的对生词的猜测能力。
最后，解决时间问题即为解决阅读速度的问题。一方面，提高阅读速度有赖于考生平时的多阅读和多积累。另一方面，提高阅读速度也是有一定方法可循的。六级考试的每篇阅读文章长约500字左右，但这500字中并不是每一个单词及没一句话都包含有用信息的。因此，提高阅读速度的一个最直观的方法就是只读那些包含有用信息的句子。有些马上就会有这样的疑问：我怎么知道文章中哪句句子包含了有用的信息、哪句句子不包含有用的呢？这还是要靠考生平时多阅读多积累多的。在此，我举两个例子，希望能够有启示作用。像：for example; for instance; e.g.……; …,…,…，etc. 这种列举的情况出现在文中，除非文章后有题目提及，否则往往可以忽略不读。还有：文章中作者给出了某个观点之后，再在观点之后加上：survey,research,study……，这时survey,research,study等的内容也常常可以忽略不读。道理很简单，作者已经亮出了他的观点，后面加上survey,research,study……只是为了进一步论证，使文章可信度更高一点罢了，而对文章中心没有任何影响，因此可以不读。
总而言之，以上所提的一些建议必须通过一段时间的实践去熟悉和掌握，在解决好上述问题后就为六级阅读备考打下了一个扎实的基础。
many americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. fergus clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the university of massachusetts-amherst,
says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. "the streets would be littered with people lying here and there."
though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. bruce ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the university of california, berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides（杀虫剂）. says he: "since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare." and many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance, which can cause cancer. mushrooms（磨菇）might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives（添加剂）. declares christina stark, a nutrients at cornell university: "we’ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made."
yet the issues are not that simple. while americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. they unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. if food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
to make good food and water supplies even better, the government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. the food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. the problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
many americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. fergus clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the university of massachusetts-amherst,
says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. "the streets would be littered with people lying&nbs
p;here and there."
though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. bruce ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the university of california, berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides（杀虫剂）. says he: "since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare." and many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance, which can cause cancer. mushrooms（磨菇）might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives（添加剂）. declares christina stark, a nutrients at cornell university: "we’ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made."
yet the issues are not that simple. while americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. they unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. if food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
to make good food and water supplies even better, the government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. the food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. the problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
21. what does the author think of the americans’ view of their food?
a) they overstate the government’s interference with the food industry.
b) they are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.
c) they overestimate the hazards of their food.
d) they overlook the risks of the food they eat.
22. the author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because __________.
a) no food is free from pollution in the environment
b) pesticides are widely used in agriculture
c) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals
d) almost all foods have additives
23. by saying "they employ chemical warfare" (line 4, para.2), bruce ames means "________".
a) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases
b) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth
c) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.
d) farmers use
chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases
24. the reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on _________.
a) the government
b) the consumer
c) the processor
d) the grower
25. what is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?
a) eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.
b) immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.
c) health food is not a dream in modern society.
d) there is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.
译文
很多美国人对有关食物的多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张的观点。马萨诸塞—阿姆赫特大学食品及营养系主任佛卡斯·克拉斯代尔直率地说，如果被细菌污染的鸡肉的危险像一些人认为的那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒的人。”
虽然公众越来越要求安全食品，但世界上没有这样的东西。伯克利的加里福尼亚大学化学系主任布鲁斯·阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%的重量是天然杀虫剂。他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。”许多自然生成的化学物质虽然量很小，但实验室化验却证明是强致癌物——可引起癌症的物质。如果用食品添加剂的标准来衡量，蘑菇就会被禁止食用。康乃尔大学的营养学家克利斯蒂娜·斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得的天然物质比任何人造的东西都糟糕得多。”
然而问题并不那么简单。尽管美国人没理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由要求食物和饮水安全有明显改进。他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸收了大量各种各样的危险物。要是食物中已经含有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新的人造致癌物就不大明智了。虽然大多数人能抵抗食物和水里的少量污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝的东西而患癌症。
为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理标准，严格检查并强化执行政策。食品工业应该修改某些人们长期接受的做法，或采用危险较小的做法。最重要的也许是消费者将不得不学习如何正确处理和烹制食物。需要解决从田间到加工场、再到厨房的整个食品供应过程中的全部问题。
大学六级考试阅读复习
虽然大学六级考试越来越受到广大的关注，但是六级考试的难度往往让许多考生感到心有余而力不足。所以，我根据我个人对六级考试的了解，针对六级的阅读部分给出一些复习备考的建议，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。
经过对历年六级考试真题的分析，我们不难看出六级阅读理解题大体上可以分为两类：1.直接题，比较简单，往往在理解题干的字面意思之后，就可直接从文章中找到答案；2.间接题，必须经过推理分析或概括才能得出答案。后一类题在六级考试中占多数，这就是考试难度之一的所在。
六级考试的难度还表现在以下三个大方面：1.受时间的限制，35分钟要读完1400个单词的3~4篇文章，并答好20题，不容拖延；2.受单词量以及某些长、难句的困扰；3.所读文章题材多变，出处各异，文字风格不同，给阅读造成一定的障碍。
既然我们现在已经知道问题的症结所在，那只要针对以上的问题，采取的方法逐个解决就万事大吉了。
首先，先来解决词汇及某些长、难句以及背景知识等的问题。我个人不太主张死背一本单词书，因为我认为单词必须结合上下文才有其实际的意义。死背一个单词的7、8种中文注释是件费力又劳神且效果并不是十分理想的苦差事。六级考试对很多单词只要求认知即可，花许多时间在一些比较生僻的单词上往往是事倍功半的。因此，我个人推荐边阅读文章边记单词的方法，这样不仅可以提升阅读量，而且可以在真实的语境中体会单词的真正意思。至于某些长、难句，我个人认为的一个比较行之有效的方法是：用一本小本子把六级真题中出现过的你认为的长、难句摘录下来，仔细分析每一句句子，了解其结构。这样坚持做下去，积累到30句句子左右的时候，我可以保证你阅读长、难句的能力会有一个令你自己都不敢相信的飞跃。
其次，来解决阅读文章题材多样，出处各异，文字风格不同所带来的障碍。六级阅读文章大致可以分为两类：1.人文社会方面，尤以社会方面为主，如文化、、婚姻、家庭、、交通、住房、环境、能源及其他社会现象。阅读这类文章的关键是抓住作者所支持或反对的观点，以及作者对文中所叙述的人文社会现象的态度；2.科学技术方面，如动植物、地址、海洋、遗传、语言、空间、医学、空间技术及其他最新科技理论与成果。阅读此类文章的关键是抓住作者论述的中心以及作者对于理论或成果的优劣判断。在人文社会方面的文章中，出题者主要通过长、难句给考生制造麻烦，所以考生必须有一定的长、难句阅读能力；而在技术方面的文章中，出题者主要试图通过一些专业术语给考生设置障碍，因此，考生必须具备一定的对生词的猜测能力。
最后，解决时间问题即为解决阅读速度的问题。一方面，提高阅读速度有赖于考生平时的多阅读和多积累。另一方面，提高阅读速度也是有一定方法可循的。六级考试的每篇阅读文章长约500字左右，但这500字中并不是每一个单词及没一句话都包含有用信息的。因此，提高阅读速度的一个最直观的方法就是只读那些包含有用信息的句子。有些马上就会有这样的疑问：我怎么知道文章中哪句句子包含了有用的信息、哪句句子不包含有用的呢？这还是要靠考生平时多阅读多积累多的。在此，我举两个例子，希望能够有启示作用。像：for example; for instance; e.g.……; …,…,…，etc. 这种列举的情况出现在文中，除非文章后有题目提及，否则往往可以忽略不读。还有：文章中作者给出了某个观点之后，再在观点之后加上：survey,research,study……，这时survey,research,study等的内容也常常可以忽略不读。道理很简单，作者已经亮出了他的观点，后面加上survey,research,study……只是为了进一步论证，使文章可信度更高一点罢了，而对文章中心没有任何影响，因此可以不读。
总而言之，以上所提的一些建议必须通过一段时间的实践去熟悉和掌握，在解决好上述问题后就为六级阅读备考打下了一个扎实的基础。