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NMET 名词性从句考点归纳_高中英语

 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句一直是高考的重要考点之一。通过对近几年的分析,笔者出对名词性从句的考查主要有以下六个方面:

 考点一:考查名词性从句的引导词 that 与 what 的区别

 考例( 1 ): _______we can't get seems better than _______we have.(nmet1996)

 a. what; what b. what; that c. that; that d. that; what

 (注:划线的选项为最佳答案)

 分析:在名词性从句中 that 与 what 的区别是: that 在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;而 what 不仅起连接作用,而且也可充当句子成分。此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句, what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。

 考例 (2):it worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.

 a. while b. if c. that d. for

 分析:句首的先行词 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句“ that her hair was turning grey”。 此句也可以改为: that her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主语从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。

 考点二:考查名词性从句中的 it 作形式主语或形式宾语

 考例 (1):_______is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language.(nmet1995)

 a. there b. this c. that d. it

 分析:在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词 it 作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面,尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为: that english is being accepted as an international language is a fact.

 考例( 2 ) :i hate _______when people talk with their mouths full. (nmet1998)

 a. it b. that c. this d. them

 分析:此题考查用先行词 it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句(也可认为是同谓语从句)放到后面。其他代词均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。

 考点三:考查名词性从句的语序

 考例: the photographs will show you _______. (net1989)

 a. what does our village look like b . what our village looks like

 c. how does our village look like d. how our village looks like

 分析:在名词性从句中,关联词要提到句首,句子用陈述句语序。当关联词含有疑问的意义时,考生受习惯影响往往会错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题中引导词 what 作介词 like 的宾语,而副词 how 不能作介词 like 的宾语,所以排除 c 、 d ;而 a 项是疑问句语序,故只能选 b .

 考点四:考查名词性从句的引导词 whether 与 if 及 that 的区别

 考例: _______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .(nmet1996)

 a. if b. whether c. that d. where

 分析: whether 与 if (意为“是否”)的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但引导介词后边的宾语从句或从句后面紧跟 or not 时只能用 whether, 而不能用 if .在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,只能用 whether, 而不能用 if ,例如:

 1.whether it is true remains a problem. 这件事是否真实还是个问题。

 2.what the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海 2001 )医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从重病中恢复过来。

 3.i am in doubt whether i should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否该同意这项。

 注:以上三句分别为主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。只能用 whether 引导,不能用 if .

 4.could you tell us whether/if it snows in winter in australia? 你能告诉我们在澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?(在引导宾语从句时, whether 和 if 可以互换)

 5.everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。(介词后边的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导)

 6.i don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他来不来。(从句中有 or not 时,不能用 if )

 考点五:从句中的“疑问词 +ever” 引导的从句与“ no matter+ 疑问词”引导的从句的区别

 考例( 1 ) :________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(net1988)

 a. anyone b. the person c. whoever d. who

 分析: whoever 引导的是主语从句,强调“无论谁”,它在主语从句中作主语,相当于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要选 a 或 b ,必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词 who. 如果选 d 就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。

 考例( 2 ) :sarah hopes to become a friend of ___shares her interests. (上海 1995 )

 a. anyone b. whomever c. whoever d. no matter who

 分析:“疑问词 +ever ”引导的名词性从句与“ no matter+ 疑问词”引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句,后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除 a 和 d ,又因为从句中缺少的是主语,故排除 b .

 考点六:考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气

 考例: it is necessary that a college student _______at least a foreign language ( 上海 1993)

 a. masters b. should master c. mastered d. will master

 分析: it 作形式主语, that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

 具体有以下几个方面:

 1 .在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do”。 常用的句型有: it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that…it is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that… it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that… 例如:

 it is strange that she (should)think so. 真奇怪,她竟然这么想。

 it is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once. 应该马上派他去那里。

 it is suggested that mr. wang give a performance at the party. 有人建议王先生在晚会上演个节目。

 2 .谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时,其后边的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用的这类动词有 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command 等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do” .例如:

 i insist that she (should)do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己完成工作。

 the commander ordered that troops (should)set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

 3 .主语是 suggestion, proposal, request, idea 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时,表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do ”。例如:

 my idea is that another meeting (should)be held to discuss the problem. 我建议再开一次会来讨论这个问题。

  


 they received orders that the work(should) be finished by the end of this month. 他们接到了本月底完成这项工作的命令。