研读高考英语试卷 把握高考复习方向_高考英语

    研读试卷 把握高考复习方向!
    北京海淀区进修学校 胡小力
    认真研读高考英语试卷,明确复习备考内容和考试要求,把握复习的难点和重点。这样有的放矢,有利于提高复习备考的效率,减轻不必要的负担。
    一、 听力
    听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。高考英语听力要求考生能够听懂熟悉的日常生活中发音清楚、语速较慢的简短独白和对话。听力部分分为两节。第一节由5个小题组成,每段录音材料播放一遍。考查考生理解简单的事实性和进行简单推理的能力。第二节由15小题组成,每段录音材料播放两遍。
    1、听力试题对考生的具体要求
    (1) 理解主旨、要义
    任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或一个中心思想展开。有时,主旨和要义会比较明确;有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白,需要考生自己去归纳、概括。
    例如:what are the two speakers talking about?
    a. a fine boat.   b. their friend, tom.   c. the weather.
    录音材料:
    m: i hope it'll be fine tomorrow. i'm going boating with tom.
    w: oh, i think it will be fine.
    m: are you sure?
    w: yes, i heard it on the radio.
    对话中说话者开篇即说希望明天天气好,对方谈了自己知道的一些这方面的情况。由此可以明显地看出,双方在讨论天气,因此正确选项为c。
    (2) 获取事实性的具体信息
    为了说明和解释主旨,对话或独白中需要一些具体信息,如时间、地点、人物等。这些信息是理解和把握对话主旨必不可少的内容,也常常是听力考试的重点项目。
    例如:1. what did the man have to do in the morning?
    a. he fed the chickens.
    b. he cleaned the bathroom.
    c. he carried water for the family.
    2. why did the man go to school on foot?
    a. no bus ran in that direction.
    b. the school was near.
    c. his family was poor.
    3. what did the man do every sunday.
    a. he was taken to church three times.
    b. he stayed at home all day.
    c. he played in the street.
    录音材料:
    now, you want to know about life in the past. right? i can tell you. when i was a boy, things were different. i had to get up at six every morning. that was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold. and we didn't have any hot water in the house. we had to wash in cold water. we didn't have a bathroom. my dad had some chickens. i had to feed them every morning and then i had to walk to school with my little sister. it was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening. but it always seemed longer in the morning when we were going to school. there was a bus, but we didn't have the money. and we had to go to bed at seven o'clock every night. we couldn't watch tv because there wasn't any. on sundays we had to go to church three times---morning, afternoon and evening. and we couldn't play outside on sundays. but it wasn't all bad. we had some good times. we could go out and our parents didn't have to worry about us. there weren't so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in. and there were not many robbers and thieves in those days. we had to work hard and we weren't able to buy all those things in the shops today. life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. i don't think i'd like to be young today.
    1.该试题考查考生对事实性具体信息的掌握情况。 谈话者讲到,他每天早晨不得不喂父亲养的一群鸡,所以正确选项为a。
    2.该试题考查考生对事实性具体信息的掌握情况。谈话者讲到, 学校距离他家有两英里(3公里多)的距离,路上有一趟公共汽车,但是他和妹妹没有钱买票,因此正确选项为c。
    3.该试题考查考生对事实性具体信息的掌握情况。每到周日,谈话者不得不早、中、晚三次去教堂祈祷,所以正确选项为a。
    (3) 对说话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的推理
    话语发生的背景及对话语的含义有着举足轻重的作用,如"你擦了几扇窗子啦?"在某些场合表示的意思是询问,而在另外一些场合则可能是责怪。对说话背景、说话者之间关系的理解程度,在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力,因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。
    例如:1. where does this conversation take place?
    a. in a shore.   b. in a factory.   c. in a museum.
    该试题考查考生对对话背景的推断能力。由双方谈话的内容及双方说话的语气等可以推断出,这是发生在售货员和顾客之间的对话,谈话的背景是商店,因此正确选项是a。
    录音材料:
    w: can i help you?
    m: yes, i bought this radio two days ago, but i'm afraid it doesn't work. i'd like to change it
    for another one.
    w: oh, dear. yes, of course. have you got your receipt?
    m: yes, here it is.
    w: thank you. just a moment, please.
    (4) 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度
    一般来说,说话者总会有说话的意图,或提出问题或回答问题,阐述自己的想法,或是表明自己的态度或意见。这在很大程度上有助于对整体对话的理解。有时,说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的,有时则隐含在对话的字里行间,需要听者自己去揣摩、推理。
    例如:what is the most probable result of the conversation?
    a. the man got his radio repaired.
    b. th

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