今年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟试题（4-2）_托福模拟题

牐牐 reading comprehension

牐牐 questions 1-11

牐牐 with its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal. more specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than
ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of australia. like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. they can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. the upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal uses to capture its food. stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other small sea
animals. the tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone s mouth. the food is digested in the large inner body cavity. when disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles燼nd爏hortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock. anemones may reproduce by forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds that grow and break off as independent
animals.

1. which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
(a) the varieties of ocean life
(b) the燾haracteristics of the sea anemone
(c) a comparison of land and sea anemones
(d) the defenses of coelenterates

2. the work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(a) length
(b) grace
(c) form
(d) nature

3. the author compares a sea anemone s tentacles to a flower s.
(a) stem
(b) petals
(c) leaves
(d) roots

4.it can be inferred from the passage that hydras
(a) were named after a flower
(b) are usually found in australia
(c) prey on sea anemones
(d) are related to sea anemones

5. it can be inferred from the passage that sea anemones are usually found
(a) attached to stationary surfaces
(b) hidden inside cylindrical objects
(c) floating among underwater flowers
(d) searching for food

6. the word "capture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(a) catch
(b) control
(c) cover
(d) clean

7. the word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(a) pulls back
(b) relaxes
(c) reproduces
(d) lifts up

8. according to the passage, when a sea anemone is bothered it
(a) hides under a rock
(b) alters its shape
(c) changes colors
(d) ejects a poisonous substance

9. the sea anemone reproduces by
(a) budding only
(b) forming eggs only
(c) budding or dividing only
(d) budding, forming eggs, or dividing

10. based on the information in the passage, all of the following statements about sea anemones are true except that they
(a) are usually tiny
(b) have flexible bodies
(c) are related to jellyfish
(d) arc usually brightly colored

11. where does the author mention the, sea anemone s food-gathering technique?
(a) lines 1-2
(b) lines 4-6
(c) lines 7-10
(d) lines 11-14

questions 12-23

牐牐 barbara kasten is an artist who makes photographs of constructions that she creates for the purpose of photographing them. in her studio she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid forms, and flat surfaces into what could be called large still life arrangements, big enough to walk into .she lights the construction, then rearranges and rephotographs it until she arrives at a final image. she also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.

牐牐 kasten starts a studio construction with a simple problem, such as using several circular and rectangular mirrors . she puts the first objects in place, sets up a camera, then goes back and forth arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the camera. eventually she makes instant color prints to see what the image looks like. at first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition; then she lights them and adds color from lights covered
with colored filters .

牐牐 away from the studio, at architectural sites, the cost of the crew and the equipment rental means she has to know in advance what she wants to do. she visits each location several times to make sketches and test shots. until she brings in the lights, however, she cannot predict exactly what they will do to the image, so there is some improvising on the spot.

12. what does the passage mainly discuss?
(a) the techniques of a photographer
(b) the advantages of studio photography
(c) indus

[1]