美国南北战争中的军旅生活_英语万花筒

　army life in the american civil war

　for every man in the civil war who died in battle, two or three men died of disease.doctors of that time knew very little about causes of sickness or ways of preventing it.thousands of men in poor health became soldiers.hundreds of others had never had childhood diseases.many of these soldiers could not withstand the epidemics of measles, mumps, and whooping coughthat went through the camps.

　army life was hard.soldiers got few fruits or vegetables.there was no milk unless they happened to find a cow.neither their clothes nor their shelters protected the troops from rain, snow, and cold.sickness and disease were spread by insects, rats, and impuredrinking water.often the men drank straight from muddy streams.

　gunshot wounds were serious, as in any war, but they did not cause as much death and suffering as disease did.

　美国南北战争中的军旅生活

　在南北战争中，有1人战死疆场，就有2人或3人死于疾病。那时的医生对致病原因和防病方法知之甚少。数以千计身体不佳的人当上了军人。另有数以百计的人还从未患过病。许多士兵经不住在军营中蔓延的麻疹、腮腺炎和百日咳等流行病的袭击。

　军旅生活是艰苦的。士兵们几乎吃不到什么水果和蔬菜，也喝不到牛奶，除非他们碰巧发现一头奶牛。他们的衣着和栖身之处都不能使他们免受雨、雪和寒冷的袭击。普通病和传染病都是通过昆虫、老鼠和不洁水传播的，士兵们常常直接饮用混浊的溪水。

　像每次战争一样，枪炮致伤的情况严重，但是它不及传染病带来的死亡和痛苦那么多。