练习题-1（附答案）_雅思模拟题
skills focus
scan reading
sometimes when reading we know the kind of information we are looking for. for example, in
question 1, page 18, you know you have to look for a number; in question 3, you need to look for
london or 1989 , and the answer will be close by. we don t need to read to find this
information, rather, our eyes search across, up, down, and around the text. this skill is called
scanning . think about how you look up a word in a dictionary. you scan the page to find the
word you are looking for, you don t read the page. the most important thing about scanning is
speed. we do it quickly.
practice 1
answer questions 1-4 as quickly as possible using the text below. use your watch to time yourself.
it should take you 1 minute.
1 how much of the human body is water?
2 how much water does the average person use for bathing?
3 how many people die per day from diseases related to dirty water?
4 how many litres of water does it take to make one pair of leather shoes?
the human body is about 65 per cent water. if you stopped drinking water (or drinks and food containing water) you would die within three or four days. but the water you drink must be clean.
each day an average person uses the following amounts of water:
toilet flushing 35 litres
cooking and drinking 30 litres
bathing 30 litres
using a shower 12-20 litres
the average daily total per person is 140 litres. the average family uses 480 litres of water a day.
water can carry diseases. according to a recent report published by the united nations, every day
throughout the world about 25,000 people die from diseases related to dirty water.
it takes 31,600 litres of water to make one tone of steel. it takes 53 litres of water to make one pair
of leather shoes and 9 litres of water to make every comic that you read.
key:1 65% 2 30 litres 3 25000 4 53 litres
practice 2
before you answer the following questions, decide what kind of answer, or which words from
the question, you are looking for. then answer the question. you have 2 minutes.
1 give two examples of cities which have no sewerage.
2 where is half of household income spent on water?
3 what must lagos inhabitants do on sanitation day ?
4 where do more than 60% of third world people live?
5 in the 1970s, how many people had no proper means of waste disposal?
meanwhile, people in the third world can only envy the levels of health risk faced by those of us
who can turn on a tap or flush a toilet. most cities in africa and many in asia-dakar, kinshasa
and chittagong, for example, gullies and ditches are where most human excrement and household
waste end up.
people draw their drinking water from a standpipe which only operates for a few hours each day.
women still wash clothes and bathe their children in a muddy stream. in nairobi, jakarta,
bangkok and elsewhere, families are forced to purchase water from a vendor, paying ten times the
rate charged to houses with mains connections (in khartoum it is 18 times more expensive). in
some parts of sudan, half of household income is spent on water.
as city populations rapidly expand, water and sanitation services are put under pressures
unimaginable to those who build them. but at least fear of epidemic-repeating the terrible ravages
of cholera in nineteenth-century europe-encourages action in city halls. lagos, for example, used
to be a watchword for urban filth. now there is a monthly sanitation day on which moving
around the city is banned: everyone must pick up a shovel and clean their neighbourhood.
but until very recently, the sanitary environment inhabited by more than 60 per cent of third
world people-the countryside-was left to take care of itself. the woman carrying her container to
the well, washing her laundry in the stream, leaving her toddlers to squat in the compound, had
never seen a pipeline nor a drain; no faucet graced her village square, let alone her own backyard.
at the end of the 1970s, 1.2 billion people in the third world were without a safe supply of
drinking water and 1.6 billion without any proper means of waste disposal.
key: 1 any two of dakar, kinshasa and chittagong
2 some parts of sudan
3 clean their neighbourhood
4 in the countryside
5 1.6 billion people
skills focus
skim reading
getting the main ides of a text or paragraph quickly is called skim reading. there are different
ways of skim reading:
i if you re very short of time or reading, for example, a newspaper article, you might just read the
heading and the first sentence of each paragraph. this is often enough to give you a fair idea of the
content.
ii for texts that you have to unde
rstand more fully, you might run your eyes along all the lines of
the
text, trying to pick out the key words and ignore unknown words and grammar words (e.g.
to , and, is, the) which do not contribute to the main idea.
as city populations rapidly expand, water and sanitation services are put under pressures
unimaginable to those who build them. but at least fear of epidemic-repeating the terrible ravages
of cholera in nineteenth-century europe-encourages action in city halls. lagos, for example, used
to be a watchword for urban filth. now there is a monthly sanitation day on which moving
around the city is banned: everyone must pick up a shovel and clean their neighbourhood.
roads for people！help create
a national cycle network
the figures speak for themselves. over 20 million cars registered in britain and road traffic is
projected to at least double by the year 2025.
twice as much traffic on your roads…imagine it!
yet many more people would choose to make their shorter journey by cycle-if only the road
conditions fell safe.
now, an answer to this problem is being created.
the 5000-mile national cycle network
for fifteen years, sustrans-it stands for sustainable transport -has been building traffic-free
routes for cyclists and walkers., often through the heart of towns and cities. several hundred
miles are now completed, using disused railway lines, canal towpaths, riversides and unused land,
as a civil engineering charity, we work in partnership with local authorities and landowners.
we are now promoting a true national network, composed of traffic-free paths, quiet country
roads ,on -road cycles lanes and projected crossings.
safe cycling networks already exist in many parts of europe-including denmark, germany,
switzerland and the netherlands. europeans are often astonished at the road dangers we put up
with here.
a danish cyclist is ten times less likely to be killed or seriously injured- per mile cycled-than a
cyclist in britain. extensive national and local cycle routes there are supported by slower traffic
systems on surrounding roads.
a national cycle network for britain can help transform local transport for the twenty-first century.
with your help, it really is achievable! make a donation now!
1 sustrans is
a a local authority
b a construction company
c a civil engineering charity
d a cycle network
2 how many cars are expected to be on britain s roads in 2025?
a one million
b more than 40 million
c exactly 40 million
d twice as much traffic
key: 1c 2 b
question 3-7
answer the questions using no more than three words from the text for each answer.
write your answers in boxes 3-7 on your answer sheet.
3 how many miles of the network have already been completed?
4 at what are other european cyclists surprised that british cyclists accept?
5 in addition to cycle network, what does denmark have to protect cyclists?
6 how can people help create a national cycle network in britain?
7 apart from cyclists ,who benefits from the work of sustrans?
key:3 several hundred miles
4 (the) road dangers
5 slower traffic systems
6 by donating money/make a decision
7 walkers
scan reading
sometimes when reading we know the kind of information we are looking for. for example, in
question 1, page 18, you know you have to look for a number; in question 3, you need to look for
london or 1989 , and the answer will be close by. we don t need to read to find this
information, rather, our eyes search across, up, down, and around the text. this skill is called
scanning . think about how you look up a word in a dictionary. you scan the page to find the
word you are looking for, you don t read the page. the most important thing about scanning is
speed. we do it quickly.
practice 1
answer questions 1-4 as quickly as possible using the text below. use your watch to time yourself.
it should take you 1 minute.
1 how much of the human body is water?
2 how much water does the average person use for bathing?
3 how many people die per day from diseases related to dirty water?
4 how many litres of water does it take to make one pair of leather shoes?
the human body is about 65 per cent water. if you stopped drinking water (or drinks and food containing water) you would die within three or four days. but the water you drink must be clean.
each day an average person uses the following amounts of water:
toilet flushing 35 litres
cooking and drinking 30 litres
bathing 30 litres
using a shower 12-20 litres
the average daily total per person is 140 litres. the average family uses 480 litres of water a day.
water can carry diseases. according to a recent report published by the united nations, every day
throughout the world about 25,000 people die from diseases related to dirty water.
it takes 31,600 litres of water to make one tone of steel. it takes 53 litres of water to make one pair
of leather shoes and 9 litres of water to make every comic that you read.
key:1 65% 2 30 litres 3 25000 4 53 litres
practice 2
before you answer the following questions, decide what kind of answer, or which words from
the question, you are looking for. then answer the question. you have 2 minutes.
1 give two examples of cities which have no sewerage.
2 where is half of household income spent on water?
3 what must lagos inhabitants do on sanitation day ?
4 where do more than 60% of third world people live?
5 in the 1970s, how many people had no proper means of waste disposal?
meanwhile, people in the third world can only envy the levels of health risk faced by those of us
who can turn on a tap or flush a toilet. most cities in africa and many in asia-dakar, kinshasa
and chittagong, for example, gullies and ditches are where most human excrement and household
waste end up.
people draw their drinking water from a standpipe which only operates for a few hours each day.
women still wash clothes and bathe their children in a muddy stream. in nairobi, jakarta,
bangkok and elsewhere, families are forced to purchase water from a vendor, paying ten times the
rate charged to houses with mains connections (in khartoum it is 18 times more expensive). in
some parts of sudan, half of household income is spent on water.
as city populations rapidly expand, water and sanitation services are put under pressures
unimaginable to those who build them. but at least fear of epidemic-repeating the terrible ravages
of cholera in nineteenth-century europe-encourages action in city halls. lagos, for example, used
to be a watchword for urban filth. now there is a monthly sanitation day on which moving
around the city is banned: everyone must pick up a shovel and clean their neighbourhood.
but until very recently, the sanitary environment inhabited by more than 60 per cent of third
world people-the countryside-was left to take care of itself. the woman carrying her container to
the well, washing her laundry in the stream, leaving her toddlers to squat in the compound, had
never seen a pipeline nor a drain; no faucet graced her village square, let alone her own backyard.
at the end of the 1970s, 1.2 billion people in the third world were without a safe supply of
drinking water and 1.6 billion without any proper means of waste disposal.
key: 1 any two of dakar, kinshasa and chittagong
2 some parts of sudan
3 clean their neighbourhood
4 in the countryside
5 1.6 billion people
skills focus
skim reading
getting the main ides of a text or paragraph quickly is called skim reading. there are different
ways of skim reading:
i if you re very short of time or reading, for example, a newspaper article, you might just read the
heading and the first sentence of each paragraph. this is often enough to give you a fair idea of the
content.
ii for texts that you have to unde
rstand more fully, you might run your eyes along all the lines of
the
text, trying to pick out the key words and ignore unknown words and grammar words (e.g.
to , and, is, the) which do not contribute to the main idea.
as city populations rapidly expand, water and sanitation services are put under pressures
unimaginable to those who build them. but at least fear of epidemic-repeating the terrible ravages
of cholera in nineteenth-century europe-encourages action in city halls. lagos, for example, used
to be a watchword for urban filth. now there is a monthly sanitation day on which moving
around the city is banned: everyone must pick up a shovel and clean their neighbourhood.
roads for people！help create
a national cycle network
the figures speak for themselves. over 20 million cars registered in britain and road traffic is
projected to at least double by the year 2025.
twice as much traffic on your roads…imagine it!
yet many more people would choose to make their shorter journey by cycle-if only the road
conditions fell safe.
now, an answer to this problem is being created.
the 5000-mile national cycle network
for fifteen years, sustrans-it stands for sustainable transport -has been building traffic-free
routes for cyclists and walkers., often through the heart of towns and cities. several hundred
miles are now completed, using disused railway lines, canal towpaths, riversides and unused land,
as a civil engineering charity, we work in partnership with local authorities and landowners.
we are now promoting a true national network, composed of traffic-free paths, quiet country
roads ,on -road cycles lanes and projected crossings.
safe cycling networks already exist in many parts of europe-including denmark, germany,
switzerland and the netherlands. europeans are often astonished at the road dangers we put up
with here.
a danish cyclist is ten times less likely to be killed or seriously injured- per mile cycled-than a
cyclist in britain. extensive national and local cycle routes there are supported by slower traffic
systems on surrounding roads.
a national cycle network for britain can help transform local transport for the twenty-first century.
with your help, it really is achievable! make a donation now!
1 sustrans is
a a local authority
b a construction company
c a civil engineering charity
d a cycle network
2 how many cars are expected to be on britain s roads in 2025?
a one million
b more than 40 million
c exactly 40 million
d twice as much traffic
key: 1c 2 b
question 3-7
answer the questions using no more than three words from the text for each answer.
write your answers in boxes 3-7 on your answer sheet.
3 how many miles of the network have already been completed?
4 at what are other european cyclists surprised that british cyclists accept?
5 in addition to cycle network, what does denmark have to protect cyclists?
6 how can people help create a national cycle network in britain?
7 apart from cyclists ,who benefits from the work of sustrans?
key:3 several hundred miles
4 (the) road dangers
5 slower traffic systems
6 by donating money/make a decision
7 walkers