改错题语法类错误解析_CET语法
●主谓不一致错误
主谓不一致,即主语和谓语在人称和数等方面未能保持一致。此类错误形式主要有以下几种:
a.主语因其形式特殊或因由一个或几个复杂成分修饰而导致主语与谓语单复数形式不能保持一致。如:
①acoustics are taught in some colleges.(are应改为is——以-s或-es结尾的用以表示学科、疾病、游戏等的名词作主语时,其谓语动词应用单数形式。)
② understanding the cultural habits of another nation,especially one containing so many diversified subcultures as the us,area complex,bewildering task to us.(are应改为is——主语是一个动名词短语,尽管其后有较长的修饰成分,然而其谓语仍需用单数形式。)
b.定语从句的谓语动词未能与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。如:
① i,who is your friend,will do my best to help you.(is应改为am——先行词在定语从句结构中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要与被修饰的先行词保持一致。)
② tom is the only one of the pupils who are willing to take make-up examinations.(are应改为is——在由the only one of等加复数名词或代词再加定语从句结构中,谓语动词应用单数形式。)
c.按照语法要求,某些短语或结构后所跟谓语动词必须用单数或复数形式。如:
①six times two are twelve.(are应改为 is——在加、减、乘、除运算中,谓语动词要用单数形式。)
② the police is looking for the escaped criminal.(is应改为are——当主语为people, police,folk,cattle等集合名词时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。)
●时态及语态错误
时态及语态使用错误也是改错题常考内容之一,其中时态方面错误主要包括:
a.单句或并列句中的时态用错或不一致。如:
at the party the film star sang a song for us and later dances for the elderly.(dances应
改为danced——在并列句中,谓语动词时态多保持一致。)
b.主句与从句的时态不一致。如:
he was a teacher before he became the manager of a big firm.(was应改为had been——当的时间应在做经理之前。)
语态方面的错误主要表现为主动语态及被动语态的混用等。如:
①i never imagined that waste paper can use so widely.(can use应改为can be used——纸张与利用之间应为被动关系。)
②large masses of data must be generally undergone a process of summarization.(must be generally undergone应改为must generally undergo——undergo“经历,遭受”多用主动形式。)
●形容词、副词用法错误
形容词、副词用法错误主要包括:
a.形容词、副词使用不当。如:
①i frequently feel weakly and dissatisfied with myself.(weakly应改为weak——feel为系动词。)
②the cat ran quick as soon as he saw the dog.(quick应改为quickly——run为实意动词,修饰动词应用副词。)
b.形容词、副词在原级、比较级、最高级方面的使用错误。
①形容词或副词未用比较级形式。如:it is well-known that the sun is much big than the moon.(big应改为bigger——比较级前可以
●主谓不一致错误
主谓不一致,即主语和谓语在人称和数等方面未能保持一致。此类错误形式主要有以下几种:
a.主语因其形式特殊或因由一个或几个复杂成分修饰而导致主语与谓语单复数形式不能保持一致。如:
①acoustics are taught in some colleges.(are应改为is——以-s或-es结尾的用以表示学科、疾病、游戏等的名词作主语时,其谓语动词应用单数形式。)
② understanding the cultural habits of another nation,especially one containing so many diversified subcultures as the us,area complex,bewildering task to us.(are应改为is——主语是一个动名词短语,尽管其后有较长的修饰成分,然而其谓语仍需用单数形式。)
b.定语从句的谓语动词未能与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。如:
① i,who is your friend,will do my best to help you.(is应改为am——先行词在定语从句结构中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要与被修饰的先行词保持一致。)
② tom is the only one of the pupils who are willing to take make-up examinations.(are应改为is——在由the only one of等加复数名词或代词再加定语从句结构中,谓语动词应用单数形式。)
c.按照语法要求,某些短语或结构后所跟谓语动词必须用单数或复数形式。如:
①six times two are twelve.(are应改为 is——在加、减、乘、除运算中,谓语动词要用单数形式。)
② the police is looking for the escaped criminal.(is应改为are——当主语为people, police,folk,cattle等集合名词时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。)
●时态及语态错误
时态及语态使用错误也是改错题常考内容之一,其中时态方面错误主要包括:
a.单句或并列句中的时态用错或不一致。如:
at the party the film star sang a song for us and later dances for the elderly.(dances应
改为danced——在并列句中,谓语动词时态多保持一致。)
b.主句与从句的时态不一致。如:
he was a teacher before he became the manager of a big firm.(was应改为had been——当
的时间应在做经理之前。)
语态方面的错误主要表现为主动语态及被动语态的混用等。如:
①i never imagined that waste paper can use so widely.(can use应改为can be used——纸张与利用之间应为被动关系。)
②large masses of data must be generally undergone a process of summarization.(must be generally undergone应改为must generally undergo——undergo“经历,遭受”多用主动形式。)
●形容词、副词用法错误
形容词、副词用法错误主要包括:
a.形容词、副词使用不当。如:
①i frequently feel weakly and dissatisfied with myself.(weakly应改为weak——feel为系动词。)
②the cat ran quick as soon as he saw the dog.(quick应改为quickly——run为实意动词,修饰动词应用副词。)
b.形容词、副词在原级、比较级、最高级方面的使用错误。
①形容词或副词未用比较级形式。如:it is well-known that the sun is much big than the moon.(big应改为bigger——比较级前可以
由many ,much,a little等词修饰表示程度。)
②不可分级的形容词、副词误用了比较级结构。如:but for some spelling mistakes, your composition would be more perfect.(应去掉more——perfect没有比较级和最高级形式。)
③比较级与最高级混淆。如:of all the toys the boy saw in the window,the thing he wanted more was a new watch.(more应改为 most——在有of all the,of the whole等短语的句子中应使用形容词最高级形式。)
④比较级、最高级结构中的副词、连词、固定结构等方面的错误。如:a.the more you study during the semester,the lesser you have to do that before the exam.(lesser应改为 less——the less本身已是比较级形式。); b.this product is more inferior than the one you bought yesterday.(than应改为to——表示比较时inferior后应加介词to。);c.everest is three times as high than the matterhorn,the highest mountain in europe.(than应改为as——此处为“数词+times+as+形容词原级形式+as”的同级比较结构。)
⑤混淆句中用于比较的两个部分。如: the climate in the coastal cities is much warmer than in the interior cities.(在than与 in之间应加指示代词that——句中用于比较的两个部分是气候而不是地区。)
●虚拟语气用法错误
虚拟语气用法错误主要包括:
a.主句或从句的动词形式未用虚拟语气形式。如:
if we had more rain last summer,we would have a harvest.(应分别改为had had与would have had——此句应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式。)
b.混合型虚拟句中的主从句动词形式出现错误。如:
if you had been older,i would have al- lowed you to go that day.(had been应改为 were——条件句可以指目前情况下的一种假设。)
c.在由表示“建议、要求、命令、坚持”等意思的动词引导的宾语从句中,动词使用出现错误。如:
the employer ordered that
the letter would be delivered at once.(应改为 should be或be——在表示“建议、要求、命令、坚持”等意思的动词引导的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用should加动词原形或直接用动词原形。)
d.特殊虚拟语气形式出现错误。如: without the radio-receiver,the large an- tenna will be of no use.(应改为would——由连词suppose,provided或介词without,but for等引导的句子,谓语动词应用虚拟形式。)
●非谓语动词即不定式、动名词、 分词用法错误
非谓语动词用法错误主要由以下几个部分构成:
a.现在分词形式与过去分词形式混淆。如:
① the victory was no more convinced than i had expected.(convinced应改为convincing———此处表语为“令人信服的”之意,表示主语的特征。)
②the teacher went into the classroom, following by some students.(following应改为 followed——动词follow与其逻辑主语 teacher之间应为被动关系。)
③the boys delighting look tells us that he passed the exam.(delighting应改为de- lighted——此处定语为“高兴的、兴奋的”之意,表示主语的状态。)
b.不定式与动名词相互混淆。如:
①to lie is vice.(to lie应改为lying——此处主语指的是抽象的概念性动作。)
② lying about it will only make matters worse.(lying应改为to lie——此处主语指的是具体的、一次性的动作。)
c.非谓语动作发生时间与谓语动作发生时间的方面出现错误。如:
i remember locking the door when i left home this morning.(locking应改为having locked——非谓语动作发生时间早于主语动作发生时间。)
d.特殊非谓语动词结构方面出现错误。如:
you have to practise to speak english as much as possible now since you are going to england next year.(to speak应改为speaking——practise后的宾语要用-ing形式。)
●倒装结构错误
倒装结构错误主要表现为:
a.表示否定意义的词或词组位于句首时,句子未用倒装结构。如:
under no c
ircumstances we should do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others.(we should do应改为should we do——具有否定意义的词及词组位于句首时,句子需用倒装结构。)
b.only引导状语位于句首时,句子未用倒装结构。如:
only when david did it a second time he realized his mistakes.(he realized应改为did he realize——only引导状语位于句首修饰全句时,句子要用倒装语序。)
c.以so,such等开头的句子未用倒装结构。如:
so badly the boy was injured that he was detained in the hospital for months.(the boy was应改为was the boy——so,such等加形容词、副词位于句首时,句子要用倒装结构。)
d.倒装结构中的其他常见错误。如:
①away the car went like a whirlwind.(the car went应改为went the car——些表示运动方向的副词位于句首时,句子要用全部倒装结构。)
②“come back on time,my boy,”the mother said angrily.(the mother said应改为 said the mother——直接引语置于句首且主语为非人称代词时,主谓部分应采用倒装结构。)
●肯定形式与否定形式错误
肯定、否定形式错误主要表现为在特定的上下文环境中该用肯定形式却用成了否定形式或反之。如:
①there is enough audience and also it is a large room,you will probably not have to use a microphone.(去掉not——由上下文内容来看,该句应用肯定形式。)
②science itself is harmless,but as soon as it can provide technology,it is not necessarily harmful.(harmful应改为harmless——本句所要说明的是在某种条件下的危害性。)
③the department of environment that was created shows how unimportant this issue is considered to be.(unimportant应改为important——上下文所要说明的是该问题的重要性。)
●平行结构错误
平行结构错误指的是根据句子的意思需要、句子的结构要求或表达习惯的限制等,句中某些并列、对等部分应在形式上或意义上保持一致而实际上却未能如此。如:
①my room mate is generous,inconsiderate,and easy to get along with.(inconsiderate应改为considerate——根据上下文的意思应为“体谅人的”之意。)
②black smith mopped the floor,cleaned the windows,and other odd jobs.(应在and与other之间加did——该句谓语部分是由三个不同动作构成的并列谓语。)
③the value of a course depends as much on its inherent interest on its practical use.(应在interest与on之间加as——本句应为as...as固定结构。)
●词序错误
词序错误主要指的是由于违背了一些固定的表达式或词语习惯的、约定俗成的先后顺序而造成的错误。如:
① with this kind of instrument the navigator is able to determine where exactly he is.(应改为exactly where——根据语法习惯,exactly应位于特殊疑问词之前。)
②the vest is enough hard to resist a bullet shot from 100 meters away.(应改为 hard enough——enough修饰形容词、副词及其短语时应位于所修饰词之后。)
③the wise man can give you a quite good idea if you ask him.(应改为quite a good——quite作定语修饰名词时应位于不定冠词a /an之前。)
●缺漏及赘述错误
缺漏及赘述错误主要表现为漏掉介词、代词、关系词、冠词、连词等或重复意义相同或相近的词语以及出现两个主语等。如:
①we have to make clear to each worker that everybody must observe these rules.(在 make后加it——宾语为动词不定式或从句时,必须在动词与宾语补足语之间加上形式宾语it。)
② though we have known great deal about space,we still have a lot to learn.(在 great deal之前应加a——词组a great deal“大量,许多”,修饰不可数名词。)
③the songs sounded via radios in restaurants,from cars passing on the highways and shoeshine parlors.(在and与shoeshine之间加in——此处应是与前面词组on the highways并列的介词短语。)
④both natural and synthetic man-made rubber are of little value in their raw state.(去掉synthetic或man-made——两个同义词放在一起,造成重复。)
⑤monsoon winds,sometimes masked by other features of the general atmospheric circulation,they are associated with nearly all large continental land masses.(去掉they——出现monsoon winds与they两个主语,造成重复。)