托福语法笔记---填空部分(二)_托福指导
十一、定语从句的省略结构
(a)定语从句中,主+系 可以同时省略
即 that+be, which+be, who+be 可省
(b)定从的特殊省略
i do remember the first time i have heard the sweetest voice
in the world.
1、the time后面通常+句子,因为(when,that)都省略
2、the reason (why, that)+句子
3、the way (in which) + 句子
(c)定从中,如果that/which在定从中作定语
that/which 可省略(作主语不可省)
svo+(that,which)+s+vt
...noun.+(which,that) noun. +vt
十二、状语从句的省略结构
省略的条件:1、特定的连词
when,while,if,although,even though
2、特定的从句
从句为主系表结构
3、从句主语必须与主句主语一致
省略方式:可以同时省略 主+系 (连词+adj/分,svo)
十三、doing结构(现在分词/动名词)
starring troops have to surrender.
~~~~~~~~~现在分词与名词为修饰关系,相当于adj,所以中心词为名词
doing exercise is a good habit.
~~~~~动名词是只有动词牲的名词,可以带宾语,与名词之间是动宾关系,
中心词是动名词
*doing 复数noun.+单v
十四、make结构
make +宾(noun.,代词)+宾补(noun.,adj), 必须加宾补
(a)make + noun. +noun.
make him president
~~~宾 ~~~~~~~~~宾补
(b)make +noun./pron + adj.
make it/the animal unique
(c)make it possible to do
make it possible that +宾从
~~形式宾语
(d)make sth. possible make possible sth.
~~~短宾语 ~~~~~长宾语
(e)make 成为
they make pets. 它们成为宠物。
十五、the more, the more结构
(a)对称性: 结构中的名词(主语)必须有限定词
the more the +noun., the more the +noun.
(b)倒装性:
the more ..., the more....
~~~~~~~~~状语从句 ~~~~~~~~主句
(c)省略性:
相同的谓语可以省略,be 动词常省
十六、表结果的伴随状语结构
svo,thus/thereby + doing
~~~~~~~~~~~~adv.
svo, doing
*但是thus后面不一定加doing
十七、形容词短语
a distance equal to twice around the world
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
noun.+(which be)+adj+prep+noun.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~此为形容词短语
animals capabale of secretions
十八、加名词或adj最高级的省略结构
...is the tallest (noun.) of the wading birds
the +adj.最高级+(单名)+of+复数
~~~~~永远省略
*the________of之间永远只有两种情况(1、名词 2、adj最高级)
其它皆错
十九、不规则动词的过去式作谓语结构
这部分主要是看不规则动词表
二十、规则动词的过分作后置定语结构
automaitons programmed
比较下列各句:
we called him bush.
he was called bush. 过分,谓语
a preson called bush 过分,定语
先从逻辑上判断noun.和-ed的主/被动关系
若主动,则为过去式,谓语
若被动,有be动词,则为谓语
无be动词,后置定语
二十一、逻辑主语结构
现在分词,-┓
过去分词, ┝+svo
介词短语,-┛
(a)分词本身应该有逻辑主语,必须和逻辑主语一致
即如果名词写出来的话,就应该是noun.+doing
(b)doing,svo
作状语的分词短语前可加when,while等连词
while travelling in new york, tom met many interesting people.
(c)to do...,svo
*不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语可不一致
to make stereo effects, two recordings are made the same
performances.
*when to do, svo 永远错
when to do 只能做主语和宾语,不能做状语
svo,when to do . 错
*答案中有when to do 不要选
二十二、it 结构
(a)强调句型
it +be+强调部分+who/that+其余部分
(1)强调人用who/that,其余只能用that
(2)只能强调主语,宾语,副词或副词性短语
不能强调形容词和动词
(3)be的时态跟随原句
*强调部分与其余部分构成完整句。
(b)形式主语
it is 形容词/名词+ ┳to do
┗that +完整句(svo)
二十三、which引导定语从句结构
┏which +不完整句
svo + ┣in which +完整句
┗noun.+ of which + 谓宾
二十四、倒装结构
(a)否定性副词用于句首倒装
not only,not until,hardly, scarely,rarely
(b)only + 状语用于句首倒装
(c)adj.过去分词,现在分词作表语用于句首倒装
(d)so + adj. + be + 主语 + that + 主谓宾
*出现前四项,则找that
(e)表地点的介词短语用于句首倒装
(a)定语从句中,主+系 可以同时省略
即 that+be, which+be, who+be 可省
(b)定从的特殊省略
i do remember the first time i have heard the sweetest voice
in the world.
1、the time后面通常+句子,因为(when,that)都省略
2、the reason (why, that)+句子
3、the way (in which) + 句子
(c)定从中,如果that/which在定从中作定语
that/which 可省略(作主语不可省)
svo+(that,which)+s+vt
...noun.+(which,that) noun. +vt
十二、状语从句的省略结构
省略的条件:1、特定的连词
when,while,if,although,even though
2、特定的从句
从句为主系表结构
3、从句主语必须与主句主语一致
省略方式:可以同时省略 主+系 (连词+adj/分,svo)
十三、doing结构(现在分词/动名词)
starring troops have to surrender.
~~~~~~~~~现在分词与名词为修饰关系,相当于adj,所以中心词为名词
doing exercise is a good habit.
~~~~~动名词是只有动词牲的名词,可以带宾语,与名词之间是动宾关系,
中心词是动名词
*doing 复数noun.+单v
十四、make结构
make +宾(noun.,代词)+宾补(noun.,adj), 必须加宾补
(a)make + noun. +noun.
make him president
~~~宾 ~~~~~~~~~宾补
(b)make +noun./pron + adj.
make it/the animal unique
(c)make it possible to do
make it possible that +宾从
~~形式宾语
(d)make sth. possible make possible sth.
~~~短宾语 ~~~~~长宾语
(e)make 成为
they make pets. 它们成为宠物。
十五、the more, the more结构
(a)对称性: 结构中的名词(主语)必须有限定词
the more the +noun., the more the +noun.
(b)倒装性:
the more ..., the more....
~~~~~~~~~状语从句 ~~~~~~~~主句
(c)省略性:
相同的谓语可以省略,be 动词常省
十六、表结果的伴随状语结构
svo,thus/thereby + doing
~~~~~~~~~~~~adv.
svo, doing
*但是thus后面不一定加doing
十七、形容词短语
a distance equal to twice around the world
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
noun.+(which be)+adj+prep+noun.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~此为形容词短语
animals capabale of secretions
十八、加名词或adj最高级的省略结构
...is the tallest (noun.) of the wading birds
the +adj.最高级+(单名)+of+复数
~~~~~永远省略
*the________of之间永远只有两种情况(1、名词 2、adj最高级)
其它皆错
十九、不规则动词的过去式作谓语结构
这部分主要是看不规则动词表
二十、规则动词的过分作后置定语结构
automaitons programmed
比较下列各句:
we called him bush.
he was called bush. 过分,谓语
a preson called bush 过分,定语
先从逻辑上判断noun.和-ed的主/被动关系
若主动,则为过去式,谓语
若被动,有be动词,则为谓语
无be动词,后置定语
二十一、逻辑主语结构
现在分词,-┓
过去分词, ┝+svo
介词短语,-┛
(a)分词本身应该有逻辑主语,必须和逻辑主语一致
即如果名词写出来的话,就应该是noun.+doing
(b)doing,svo
作状语的分词短语前可加when,while等连词
while travelling in new york, tom met many interesting people.
(c)to do...,svo
*不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语可不一致
to make stereo effects, two recordings are made the same
performances.
*when to do, svo 永远错
when to do 只能做主语和宾语,不能做状语
svo,when to do . 错
*答案中有when to do 不要选
二十二、it 结构
(a)强调句型
it +be+强调部分+who/that+其余部分
(1)强调人用who/that,其余只能用that
(2)只能强调主语,宾语,副词或副词性短语
不能强调形容词和动词
(3)be的时态跟随原句
*强调部分与其余部分构成完整句。
(b)形式主语
it is 形容词/名词+ ┳to do
┗that +完整句(svo)
二十三、which引导定语从句结构
┏which +不完整句
svo + ┣in which +完整句
┗noun.+ of which + 谓宾
二十四、倒装结构
(a)否定性副词用于句首倒装
not only,not until,hardly, scarely,rarely
(b)only + 状语用于句首倒装
(c)adj.过去分词,现在分词作表语用于句首倒装
(d)so + adj. + be + 主语 + that + 主谓宾
*出现前四项,则找that
(e)表地点的介词短语用于句首倒装