全国职称英语等级考试试题（人文类）_职称英语

第一部分　阅读理解　(75分)

passage　1
the　16th　century,　known　as　the　"age　of　genius",　was　a　complicated　(复杂的)　and　difficult　time　to　live.　many　countries　fought　for　the　power　and　riches　of　the　newly　discovered　americas.　men　introduced　new　ideas　which　demanded　great　changes　in　older　ideas.　despite　these　problems　and　possibly　because　of　them,　wonderful　things　were　done　by　the　greatest　of　men.
it　is　indeed　difficult　to　know　why　in　some　periods　you　find　many　men　of　genius　while　in　others　you　may　find　few.　the　"age　of　genius",　however,　produced　some　of　the　greatest　thinkers,　painters,　authors,　and　scientists.
in　italy　during　the　high　renaissance　(文艺复兴),　a　period　of　the　"age　of　genius",　three　famous　painters　started　their　work.　they　were　leonardo　da　vinci,　michelangelo　and　raphael.　
leonardo　da　vinci　is　famous　not　only　for　his　beautiful　paintings　but　also　for　his　talent　in　the　sciences.　one　of　his　best　-　known　painting　is　the　"mona　lisa."　michelangelo　was　also　a　man　of　many　talents.　he　was　an　artist;　he　wrote　poems;　he　drew　plans　for　buildings;　and　he　worked　with　other　forms　of　art.　his　best-　known　work　is　the　painting　on　the　ceiling　of　the　sistine　chapel　in　rome　(罗马西斯教堂).
raphael　was　known　for　his　painting.　he　made　well-balanced　pictures　out　of　many　different　actions.

1.　another　name　for　the　16th　century　is　the　________.
○a.　classical　age
○b.　middle　ages
○c.　"age　of　genius"
○d.　age　of　renaissance

2.　to　know　why　in　some　periods　you　find　many　intelligent　men　and　few　in　other　is　__________.
○a.　an　easy　thing　to　do
○b.　a　very　difficult　thing　to　do
○c.　not　important
○d.　unnecessary

3.　which　of　the　following　statements　is　implied　in　the　first　paragraph　of　the　passage?
○a.　geniuses　are　born　talented.
○b.　geniuses　are　often　produced　in　the　same　age.
○c.　fighting　for　the　riches　of　the　newly　-　discovered　americas　produced　geniuses.
○d.　a　period　during　which　new　ideas　were　replacing　older　ideas　might　produce　geniuses.

4.　_________　is　famous　for　his　paintings　and　for　his　talent　in　science.
○a.　raphael
○b.　leonardo　da　vinci
○c.　michelangelo
○d.　mona　lisa

5.　michelangelo　is　known　for　__________.
○a.　his　mona　lisa
○b.　his　paintings　in　sistine　chapel
○c.　his　well-balanced　pictures
○d.　his　contributions　to　science

passage　2
football　is,　i　believe,　the　most　popular　game　in　england:　one　has　only　to　go　to　one　of　the　important　matches　to　see　this.　rich　and　poor,　young　and　old,　one　can　see　them　all　there,　shouting　for　one　side　or　the　other.
to　a　stranger　one　of　the　most　surprising　things　about　football　in　england　is　the　great　knowledge　of　the　game　which　even　the　smallest　boy　seems　to　have.　he　can　tell　you　the　names　of　the　players　in　most　of　the　important　teams,　he　has　pictures　of　them　and　knows　the　results　of　large　number　of　matches.　he　will　tell　you　who　he　expects　will　win　such　and　such　a　match,　and　his　opinion　is　usually　as　good　as　that　of　men　three　of　four　times　his　age.
most　schools　in　england　take　football　seriously　-　much　more　seriously　than　nearly　all　european　schools,　where　lessons　are　all　that　are　important,　and　games　are　left　for　the　children　themselves.　in　england　it　is　believed　that　education　is　not　only　a　matter　of　filling　a　boy's　mind　with　facts　in　the　classroom,　education　also　means　the　training　of　character;　and　one　of　the　best　ways　of　training　character　is　by　means　of　games,　especially　team　games,　instead　of　working　for　himself　alone.　the　school　therefore　plans　games　and　matches　for　its　pupils.　football　is　a　good　team　game,　it　is　good　both　for　the　body　and　the　mind.　that　is　why　it　is　every　school's　game　in　england.

6.　at　football　matches,　people　often　_______　one　team　or　the　other　by　shouting.
○a.　watch
○b.　win　over
○c.　laugh　at
○d.　support

7.　in　england　school　boys　seem　_________　football　games.
○a.　to　know　a　great　deal　about
○b.　not　to　know　much　about
○c.　to　know　a　little　about
○d.　to　know　nothing　about

8.　in　the　sentence　"hs　is　as　good　as　that　of　men　three　of　times　his　age",　"that"　means　__________.
○a.　the　match
○b.　the　opinion
○c.　the　age
○d.　the　team

9.　in　england,　education　means　__________.
○a.　filling　a　boy's　mind　with　stories
○b.　more　than　teaching　of　knowledge
○c.　the　teaching　of　knowledge　only
○d.　training　character　by　means　of　football　game

10.　football　games　are　very　among　_________.
○a.　all　people
○b.　adults
○c.　boys　and　girls
○d.　boys　only

passage　3
how　mean　first　learned　to　invent　words　is　unknown;　in　other　words,　the　origin　of　language　is　a　mystery　(奥秘).　all　we　really　know　is　that　men　unlike　animals,　somehow　invented　certain　so

      

unds　to　express　thoughts　and　feelings,　actions　and　things,　so　that　they　could　communicate　with　each　other;　and　that　later　they　agreed　upon　certain　signs,　called　letters,　which　could　be　combined　to　represent　those　sounds　and　which　could　be　written　down.　those　sounds,　whether　spoken,　or　written　in　letters,　we　call　words.
the　power　of　words,　then,　lies　in　their　association　(关联)-the　things　they　bring　up　before　our　minds.　words　become　filled　with　meaning　for　us　by　experience;　and　the　longer　we　live,　the　more　certain　words　recall　to　us　the　glad　and　sad　events　of　our　past;　and　the　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　the　number　of　words　that　mean　something　to　us　increases.
great　writers　are　those　who　not　only　have　great　thoughts　but　also　express　these　thoughts　in　words　which　appeal　powerfully　to　our　minds　and　emotions.　this　charming　and　telling　use　of　words　is　what　we　call　literary　(文学的)　style.　above　all,　the　real　poet　is　a　master　of　words.　he　can　convey　his　meaning　in　words　which　sing　like　music,　and　which　by　their　position　and　association　can　move　men　to　tears.　we　should,　therefore,　learn　to　choose　our　words　carefully　and　use　them　accurately,　or　they　will　make　our　speech　silly　and　vulgar　(粗俗的).

11.　the　origin　of　language　is　________.
○a.　a　legend　handed　down　from　the　past
○b.　a　matter　that　is　hidden　or　secret
○c.　a　question　difficult　to　answer
○d.　a　problem　not　yet　solved

12.　one　of　the　reasons　why　men　invented　certain　sounds　to　express　thoughts　and　actions　was　that　____________.
○a.　they　could　agree　upon　certain　sings
○b.　they　could　write　them　down
○c.　they　could　communicate　with　each　other
○d.　they　could　combine　them

13.　what　is　true　about　words?
○a.　they　can　not　be　written　down.
○b.　they　can　be　written　down.
○c.　they　are　simply　sounds.
○d.　they　are　mysterious.

14.　the　real　power　of　words　exists　in　their　___________.
○a.　properties
○b.　characteristics
○c.　peculiarity
○d.　representative　functions

15.　which　of　the　following　statements　is　true?
○a.　the　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　ignorant　we　are.
○b.　the　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　confused　we　will　be.
○c.　the　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　learned　we　are.
○d.　the　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　snobbish　we　become.

第二部分　完成句子　(25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
social　customs　and　ways　of　behaving　change.　things　which　were　considered　impolite　many　years　ago　are　now　acceptable.　just　a　few　years　ago,　it　was　considered　impolite　behaviour　for　a　man　to　smoke　on　the　street.　no　man　who　thought　of　himself　as　being　a　gentleman　would　make　a　fool　of　himself　by　smoking　when　a　lady　was　in　a　room.
customs　also　differ　from　country　to　country.　does　a　man　walk　on　the　left　or　the　right　of　a　woman　in　your　country?　or　doesn't　it　matter?　what　about　table　manners?　should　you　use　both　hands　when　you　are　eating?　should　you　leave　one　in　your　lap,　or　on　the　table?
the　americans　and　the　british　not　only　speak　the　same　language　but　also　share　a　large　number　of　social　customs.　for　example,　in　both　american　and　england　people　shake　hands　when　they　meet　each　other　for　the　first　time.　also,　most　englishmen　will　open　a　door　for　a　woman　or　offer　their　seat　to　woman,　and　so　will　most　americans.　promptness　(准时)is　important　both　in　england　and　in　america.　that　is,　if　a　dinner　invitation　is　for　7　o'clock,　the　dinner　guest　either　arrives　close　to　that　time　or　calls　up　to　explain　his　delay.
the　important　thing　to　remember　about　social　customs　is　not　to　do　anything　that　might　make　other　people　feel　uncomfortable　-　especially　if　they　are　your　guests.　there　is　an　old　story　about　a　man　who　gave　a　formal　dinner　party.　when　the　food　was　served,　one　of　the　guests　started　to　eat　his　peas　with　a　knife.　the　other　guests　were　amused　or　shocked,　but　the　host　calmly　picked　up　his　knife　and　began　eating　in　the　same　way.　it　would　have　bad　manners　to　make　his　guest　feel　foolish　or　uncomfortable.

16.　social　customs　vary　not　only　in　different　times　but　also　different　c　.

17.　generally,　the　english　and　the　americans　speak　the　same　language　and　for　many　cases　b　in　the　same　way.

18.　in　america,　if　one　has　accepted　a　dinner　invitation,　he　should　t　the　host　to　explain　the　reason　if　he　is　to　be　late.

19.　the　best　host　is　the　person　who　tries　his　best　to　make　his　guests　feel　c　.

20.　in　the　past,　people　considered　it　b　manners　to　smoke　on　the　street.

第三部分　阅读理解　(80分)

passage　1
some　years　ago,　winthrop　and　luella　kellogg　decided　to　study　this　and　other　questions,　rearing　a　chimpanzee　(黑猩猩)　in　a　normal　human　environment,　gua,　a　seven-and　one-half-month-old　female　chimpanzee,　was　adopted　into　their　household　to　be　treated　in　the　same　fashion　as　their　ten-month-old　son　donald.　the　two　bab

        

ies　were　dressed　alike,　fed　in　the　same　way,　and　allowed　equal　play　opportunities.　in　going　to　the　park,　going　to　bed,　or　being　toilet　trained,　both　had　essentially　similar　experiences,　and　the　parents　tried　to　give　them　equal　love.
shortly　after　the　experiment　began,　gua　became　slightly　superior　to　donald　in　word　recognition,　but　donald's　inferiority　(劣势)　might　be　explained　on　the　basis　of　less　physical　ability.　the　chimpanzee　was　more　agile　(灵活的)　and　therefore　could　respond　more　readily　to　such　requests　as　"get　up　on　the　chair."　as　time　passed,　however,　the　child　gained　rapidly　on　the　chimpanzee,　and　by　the　end　of　the　period　of　investigation　he　was　significantly　ahead　in　word　recognition.
in　word　usage,　gua　remained　nonverbal　(不以言语表达的)　throughout　the　experiment.　her　communications　included　some　gestures,　such　as　wriggling　(努力)　her　lips　when　she　wanted　apples　but　no　words.　she　only　gave　sudden　barks　or　cries　in　moments　of　excitement,　fear,　or　pain.　donald,　on　the　other　hand,　passed　through　the　normal　stages　in　learning　a　spoken　language　and,　by　the　end　of　the　research,　uttered　his　first　words.　he　said　"da"　meaning　"down"　and　"bowwow　for　the　dog,　and　he　used　a　few　other　words."　but　as　his　parents　emphasized,　he　had　not　shown　language　mastery　(掌握)　either.　at　the　end　of　the　study,　he　still　had　not　used　words　in　combination.　unfortunately,　this　research　had　to　be　discontinued　after　nine　months　partly　because　of　the　increasing　strength　and　enormous　agility　(灵活，敏捷)　of　gua　around　the　house.

21.　the　main　idea　of　this　passage　is　___________.
○a.　to　show　how　chimpanzees　talk
○b.　to　describe　the　experiment　on　language　learning
○c.　to　show　the　problems　children　have　in　communicating　among　themselves
○d.　to　show　whether　chimpanzees　can　learn　language　in　a　human　environment

22.　throughout　the　training　in　word　recognition　____________.
○a.　gua　was　superior　to　donald　in　everything
○b.　gua　was　superior　at　first,　but　then　donald　pulled　ahead
○c.　donald　was　superior　at　all　times
○d.　donald　and　gua　developed　at　just　about　the　same　rate

23.　in　regard　to　word　usage,　gua　____________.
○a.　finally　uttered　the　word　"da"
○b.　could　not　communicate　anything　at　all
○c.　could　not　learn　to　express　in　words
○d.　showed　mastery　equal　to　donald's

24.　from　the　experiment　with　gua,　we　may　safely　conclude　that,　after　nine　months　a　chimpanzee　will　___________.
○a.　communicate　reasonably　well
○b.　be　enormously　active　and　healthy
○c.　not　show　command　over　language
○d.　be　more　advanced　than　other　animals

25.　we　may　infer　from　the　passage　that　___________.
○a.　gua　had　to　be　pulled　along　by　donald
○b.　gua　and　donald　found　nothing　unusual　in　being　together
○c.　gua　and　donald　disliked　staying　together
○d.　gua　and　donald's　physical　abilities　were　different

passage　2
criticism　is　judgment.　a　critic　is　a　judge.　a　judge　must　study　and　think　about　the　material　presented　to　him,　accept　it,　correct　it　or　reject　it　after,　thinking　over　what　he　has　read,　watched　or　heard.
that　sort　of　critical　reading　might　well　be　called　creative　reading　because　i　am　thinking　along　with　the　writer,　asking　him　questions,　seeing　whether　he　answers　the　questions　and　how　well　he　answers　them.　i　mark　the　good　passages　to　store　them　in　my　memory　and　ask　myself　about　every　other　part　and　about　the　complete　piece　of　writing　where,　how　and　why　could　or　should　i　improve　upon　it?
don't　believe　those　who　say　that　bad　reading　cannot　hurt　a　person.　how　do　they　know　what　will　hurt　others?　wouldn't　you　rather　believe　the　experience　of　the　ages　that　says,　"a　man　is　what　he　has　read"　and　"our　reading　and　studies　carry　over　into　our　lives"?
let's　get　back　to　the　beneficial　effects　of　thinking　while　reading.　it　helps　us　to　enlarge　our　minds.　we　understand　more　about　the　universe,　its　people　and　many　of　its　wonders.　we　learn　to　think　and　observe　in　new　ways.　we　certainly　do　get　a　feeling　for　the　language　we　are　reading.　all　good　writers　in　any　language　have　been　readers　who　read　critically　and　creatively　and　continuously.
reading,　critically　also　helps　me　to　develop　and　refine　my　emotions　to　the　point　where　i　can　tell　whether　a　report,　a　story　or　a　poem　is　genuinely　humane　(高尚的)　or　not　-　whether　the　writer　is　an　honest　writer.
finally,　reading　will　and　must　broaden　(扩宽)　my　sympathies,　expand　my　love　for　others　and　set　it　in　action.　how　can　a　person　who　has　a　bit　of　kindness　in　his　heart　read　about　all　the　miseries　and　tragedies　that　people　and　notions　have　and　not　want　to　do　and　actually　do　what　he　can　to　relieve　those　people　in　every　way　he　can　and　as　much　as　he　can?

26.　the　writer　say　a　critic　__________.
○a.　asks　what　he　does　not　understand
○b.　talks　back　to　the　author
○c.　understands　the　background　on　which　the　works　are　based
○d.　looks　for　the

        

　good　and　the　bad　points　of　the　material　he　has　read

27.　by　creative　reading　the　writer　means　__________.
○a.　raising　questions　and　answering　them　for　the　author
○b.　reading　and　giving　comments　on　the　materials　one　has　read
○c.　thinking　in　the　same　line　with　the　author
○d.　storing　up　facts　in　one's　memory

28.　according　to　the　writer,　critical　reading　_____________.
○a.　makes　a　person　intelligent
○b.　makes　a　person　rich
○c.　enables　a　person　to　write　fluently
○d.　gives　a　person　extra　work

29.　we　learn　from　the　passage　that　all　good　authors　_____________.
○a.　have　a　thorough　insight　to　the　problems　in　life
○b.　observe　and　imitate　the　ways　other　authors　write
○c.　have　the　feeling　of　the　language　they　write　in
○d.　have　read　extensively　and　critically

30.　according　to　the　last　paragraph,　reading　makes　a　person　____________.
○a.　romantic
○b.　sensitive　to　the　feelings　of　others
○c.　sympathetic　to　the　miseries　of　his　fellow-men
○d.　a　good　written

第四部分　概括大意　(20分)
给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。
31.　div　in　education
there　is　considerable　variety　in　university　classrooms　in　the　united　states.　because　of　diverse　teaching　methods　and　non-standardized　curricula　(必修课),　no　two　courses　are　identical.　undergraduate　courses　are　considerable　different　from　graduate　courses.　the　classroom　atmosphere　in　expensive,　private　universities　may　differ　from　that　in　community　colleges　which　are　free　and　open　to　everyone.　state-funded　universities　have　requirements　and　expectations　than　do　parochial　(教区的)　colleges.

32.　ac　participation
participation　(参与)　in　the　classroom　is　not　only　accepted　but　also　expected　of　the　student　in　many　courses.　some　professors　base　part　of　the　final　grade　on　the　student's　oral　participation.　although　there　are　formal　lectures　during　which　the　student　has　a　passive　role　(i.e.,　listening　and　taking　notes),　many　courses　are　organized　around　classroom　discussions,　student　questions,　and　informal　lectures.

33.　ind　learning
many　teachers　believe　that　the　responsibility　for　learning　lies　with　the　student.　if　a　long　reading　assignment　is　given,　instructors　expect　students　to　be　familiar　with　the　information　in　the　reading　even　if　they　do　not　discuss　it　in　class　or　give　an　examination.　(courses　are　not　designed　merely　for　students　to　pass　exams.)　the　ideal　student　is　considered　to　be　one　who　is　motivated　to　learn　for　the　sake　of　learning,　not　the　one　interested　only　in　getting　high　grades.

34.　h　in　school　work
ideally,　the　teacher　-　student　relationship　at　universities　is　characterized　by　trust.　the　"honor　system",　imposed　by　the　teacher　and　the　university　demands　that　the　student　be　honest　in　all　areas　of　school　work.　thus,　cheating　on　tests,　plagiarizing　(抄袭)　in　written　work,　presenting　other's　ideas　as　original,　and　turning　in　homework　completed　by　someone　else　are　all　prohibited.

35.　com　among　students
relationships　between　students　in　the　classroom　can　be　cooperative　or　competitive　(竞争的).　international　students　should　not　hesitate　to　ask　for　help　if　it　is　needed.　there　are　courses,　however,　where　grades　are　calculated　in　relation　to　other　student's　scores.　therefore,　in　classes　where　such　a　grading　"curve"　is　used,　students　may　be　reluctant　to　share　lecture　notes　or　information　for　fear　that　their　own　grades　will　suffer.

第五部分　阅读理解　(120分)
passage　1
it　is　becoming　increasingly　recognized　that　education　is　a　process　which　continues　throughout　adult　life.　the　scope　of　adult　and　continuing　education　has　widened　in　recent　years　and　now　included,　in　addition　to　the　development　of　the　individual　through　cultural,　physical　and　craft　pursuits,　such　subjects　as　basic　education:　education　for　disadvantaged　groups　and　those　with　special　needs　such　as　ethnic　minorities　or　the　disabled;　consumer　education;　health　education;　and　preretirement　(退休前)　education.　continuing　education　includes　training　for　those　in　employment,　to　enable　them　to　keep　pace　with　technological　change.　the　british　government　has　taken　a　number　of　recent　initiatives　to　improve　opportunities　for　both　adult　and　continuing　education.　in　1982　it　launched　a　professional,　industrial　and　commercial　updating　programmer,　designed　to　help　colleges　and　universities　to　meet　the　need　to　up-date　and　broaden　the　skills　of　those　in　mid-career　in　industry,　commerce　and　the　professions.　a　three-year　programmer　to　encourage　the　expansion　of　educational　opportunities　for　the　adult　unemployed　was　launched　in　1984.
apart　from　provision　for　mature　students　at　universities,　courses　are　provided　by　further　education　colleges,　adult　education　centers,　residential　colleges,　the　open　universities　and　various　other　bodies　including　a　number　of　voluntary　organizations.　mos

        

t　of　the　provision　is　made　by　the　local　education　authorities　in　a　wide　variety　of　establishments,　including　schools　used　for　adult　evening　classes　and　community　schools　which　provide　educational,　social　and　cultural　opportunities　for　the　wider　community.　most　courses　are　part-time.　local　authorities　also　maintain　or　aid　many　courses　lasting　between　a　weekend　and　a　fortnight.　long-term　residential　colleges,　grant-aided　(受补助的)　by　central　government　departments,　provide　courses　of　one　or　two　years　and　aim　to　provided　a　liberal　education　without　academic　entry　tests.　most　students　admitted　are　entitled　to　full　maintenance　grants.

36.　one　of　the　tasks　of　continuing　education　is　_________.
○a.　to　help　employees　get　promoted　and　pay　increased
○b.　to　widen　employees'　knowledge　of　their　country's　history
○c.　to　make　employees'　spare　time　activities　rich　and　varied
○d.　to　keep　employees　well　informed　of　recent　technological　developments

37.　the　word　"initiatives"　in　the　1st　paragraph,　most　probably　means　_______.
○a.　plans
○b.　offers
○c.　measures
○d.　proposals

38.　the　two　programmes　launched　by　the　british　government　are　designed　for　____.
○a.　students　and　teachers　in　colleges　and　universities
○b.　the　employed　and　unemployed　respectively
○c.　the　government　employees　in　britain
○d.　the　disadvantaged　and　the　disable

39.　which　of　the　following　is　mentioned　in　the　passage?
○a.　higher　education　might　be　replaced　by　other　types　of　education.
○b.　many　british　young　people　can　receive　higher　education　without　entrance　examinations.
○c.　only　those　who　pass　academic　entry　tests　can　get　financial　aid　from　the　central　government.
○d.　the　aid　for　improving　adult　and　continuing　education　is　provided　by　local　and　state　governments.

40.　it　can　be　concluded　from　the　passage　that　___________.
○a.　high　schools　should　produce　more　skilled　students
○b.　adult　education　will　probably　become　the　main　type　of　education　in　britain　and　other　developed　countries
○c.　the　government　should　attach　importance　to　various　types　of　education　to　meet　the　needs　of　the　changing　world
○d.　higher　education　should　meet　the　demands　of　the　development　of　science　and　technology

passage　2
impressionism　(印象主义)in　painting　developed　in　the　late　nineteenth　century　in　french.　it　began　with　a　loosely　structured　group　of　painters　who　together　mainly　to　exhibit　their　paintings.　their　art　was　characterized　by　the　attempt　to　depict　(描绘)　light　and　movement　by　using　pure　broke　color.　the　movement　began　with　four　friends　who　met　in　a　cafe:　monet,　renoir,　sisley,　and　bazille.　they　were　reacting　against　the　academic　standards　of　their　time　and　the　romantic　emphasis　on　emotion　as　a　subject　matter.　they　rejected　the　role　of　imagination　in　art.　instead,　they　observed　nature　closely,　painting　with　a　scientific　interest　in　visual　phenomena.　their　subject　matter　was　as　diverse　as　their　personalities.　monet　and　sisley　painted　landscapes　with　changing　effects　of　light,　and　renoir　painted　idealized　women　and　children.　the　works　of　impressionists　were　received　with　hostility　until　the　1920s.　by　the　1930s　impressionism　had　a　cult　following,　and　by　the　1950s　even　the　least　important　works　by　people　associated　with　the　movement　commanded　enormous　prices.
though　paul　gauguin,　himself,　recognized　both　the　"sensitive"　and　the　"savage"　as　two　opposing　sides　of　his　character,　in　his　career　as　an　artist　the　thought　of　himself　as　"the　savage."　he　tended　to　disregard　convention　and　abandon　social　responsibilities.　he　felt　that　only　by　renouncing　(放弃)　the　ordinary　could　he　be　the　artist　he　wanted　to　be.　he　justified　his　quarreling　with　friends,　his　leaving　his　wife　and　children,　and　his　promiscuity　(混乱),　because　he　believed　it　to　be　the　only　way　his　art　could　be　liberated.　in　his　attitude　can　be　found　seeds　for　art　in　the　20th　century;　the　art　of　the　primitive,　of　symbol,　and　of　imagination.　he　wanted　to　escape　from　merely　observing　naturalism　to　using　abstract　color　and　form　as　conveyors　of　feeling.　he　wanted　to　free　painting　from　all　restrictions.　he　began　to　carry　his　art　deep　into　the　realm　of　myth　and　dream　with　the　idea　that　mystery　and　enigma　(神秘)　were　essential　to　art.

41.　impressionism　began　with　a　small　group　of　artists　who　wanted　to　______.
○a.　use　light　colors
○b.　fight　the　government
○c.　become　scientists
○d.　show　their　paintings

42.　what　subject　matter　did　monet　and　sisley　usually　paint?
○a.　country　scenes.
○b.　portraits.
○c.　effects　of　light.
○d.　animals　in　nature.

43.　which　of　the　following　typifies　the　early　impressionists?
○a.　they　had　a　romantic　emphasis.
○b.　they　tried　to　see　nature　unemotionally.
○c.　they　worked　toward　a　unified　goal.
○d.　they　idealized　life.

44.　

        

most　people　did　not　like　impressionistic　painting　_______.
○a.　before　1920
○b.　between　1920　and　1930
○c.　between　1930　and　1950
○d.　after　1950

45.　from　the　passage　we　can　infer　the　gauguin　wanted　to　__________.
○a.　paint　in　a　new　way
○b.　restrict　forms　of　art
○c.　make　new　friends
○d.　liberate　society

第六部分　完形填空　(30分)
根据短文在空白处填上适当的单词，该单词的第一个字母已经给出。　
one　of　freud's　great　insights　into　the　human　personality　was　the　discovery　of　how　it　is　influenced　by　unconscious　processes,　especially　motives　of　which　we　are　unaware.　a　46　first　his　ideas　were　bitterly　attacked;　many　people　were　repelled　b　47　his　notion　that　man,　far　from　being　t　48　rational　animal,　is　largely　at　the　mercy　o　49　his　irrational　unconscious　thoughts.　many　were　shocked　by　his　emphasis　o　50　the　role　of　sexual　motives　and　particularly　by　his　insistence　that　even　young　c　51　have　intense　sexual　desires.　over　the　years,　however,　the　furor　has　died　out.　there　is　considerable　controversy　0　52　the　value　of　psychoanalytical(精神分析的)　methods　in　t　53　neurotic　(神经病的）patients,　but　even　those　who　criticize　psychoanalysis　(精神分析)　a　54　a　form　of　therapy　(疗法)　accept　some　of　freud's　basic　notions　about　personality　a　55　its　formation.