高一英语第二十四单元The Secret of Farming_高一英语教案

科目
年级 高一
文件　high1 unit24.1.doc
标题 the secret of farming
章节 第二十四单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议

【 抛砖引玉 】

单元双基学习目标

Ⅰ . 词汇学习

be busy with , loaf , fork , farming , keep , knock out of , condition , point out , turn over , gardening , go against , year after year , agree to do sth . , now and then , give a talk , grain , experience , rough , wine , steel , flour , develop , plough

Ⅱ . 交际

谈论天气

1 . it\'s a beautiful day today .

2 . it\'s going to be dry and sunny for the next two days .

3 . what\'s the weather going to be like at the weekend ?

4 . they say it\'s going to be wet and windy .

Ⅲ . 语法学习

直接引语变成句间接引语的几种句型

1 . 直接引语是陈述句

如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句，变为间接引语时，在引语的开头用连词 that 来引导 ( 在口语中 that 常省去 ) ，要注意从句中人称、时态、代词、状语等相应变化。如：

“you are really my best friend , ”tom said to me . → tom said that i was really his best friend .

“i will come here again tomorrow , ”he said . → he said he would go there again the nest day .

he said : “the best seed - heads should be hung up to dry . ”→ he said that the best seed-heads should be hung up to dry .

2 . 直接引语是疑问句

①如果引用的句子原来是一个一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，须用从属连词 if 或 whether 来引导 ( 不再用 that 作连词 ) 。

②直接引语如果特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，原疑问句中的疑问词 who , whose , what , which , where , why , how 等就成了引导间接引语的连词。

③原直接引语中的疑问语在间接引语中变为陈述语序。

④直接引语中的问号变成了句号。

⑤人称、时态、状语等也相应变化。如：

he asked , “is it raining now ? ”他问，“现在在下雨吗 ? ”→ he asked whether / if it was raining then . 他问当时是否在下雨。

the man asked me , “how old are you ? ”→ the man asked me how old i was .

they asked him , “when do you harvest the wheat ? ”→ they asked him when he harvested the wheat .

i asked the man , “who are you ? ”→ i asked the man who he was .

the teacher asked her , “why did you come ? ”→ the teacher wondered why she had come .

3 . 直接引语是祈使句

如果引用的句子原来是一个祈使句，变为间接引语时，须将祈使句的动词原形变为动词不定式。并在动词不定式前用 tell ( 命令 ) ，ask ( 请求 ) , order ( 命令 ) 等及物动词加宾语。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前面加 not 。如：

he said to the girl , “do it at once . ”→ he ordered the girl to do it at once .

“be quiet ! ”i told the children . → i told the children to be quiet .

he said to farmers , “do things at the right time of the year . ”→ he told farmers to do things at the right time of the year .

“don\'t grow plants in the same place year after year . ”the farmer said . →the farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year .

he said , “don\'t talk ! ”→ he told us not to talk .

4 . 有些句子虽以疑问形式出现，但并非提出询问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意思。这种问句通常也采取 ask , advise + 宾语 + 不定式结构来转为间接引语。如：

“could you lend me a bike ? ”he said . → he asked me to lend him my bike .

“would you mind waiting a moment ? ” → he asked me to wait a moment .

“why don\'t you go there by plane ? ” → he advised me to go there by plane .

what about having a walk ? → he suggested having a walk .

【 指点迷津 】

教材中的双重介词结构

先请看 sefc ib lesson 91 中的一句话：today you can either fly to abu simbel or you can take a boat from across the lake . 今天你既可以乘飞机去阿布辛波古庙，

也可以从湖的对岸乘小船过去。

该句中“from across the lake”为“介词 + 介词短语”结构，这一结构是介词用法中较为特殊的现象，其目的主要是为了使所表达的意思更确切、更全面。一般语法书对此很少涉及，但我们在学习中时常碰到。现将常见的“介词 + 介词短语”结构举例说明如下。

1 . from + 介词短语。

“from + 介词短语”是“介词 + 介词短语”结构中最常见的一个，其后可接的另一个介词短语至少有十个以上。

the old man looked at me from above his glasses .

he said hello to me from across the room .

the little boy came out from behind the door .

they came from beyond the sea .

he heard the shouting from somewhere down the corridor .

take the kettle from off the stove .

we heard voices from over the fence .

the snake crawled out from under the table .

2 . except + 介词短语。

except 后常接介词 at , by , from , in , on , to 等引导的短语。

i never saw mr white except at parties .

you could never have lost your way , except by your own carelessness .

i take no orders , except from the king .

i can take my holidays at any time , except in august .

no admittance , except on business .

we went nowhere , except to school .

3 . till / until + 介词短语。

till / until 后总是接介词 after 引导的短语。

i stayed till after ten o\'clock .

it was not till after midnight that my visit came to an end .

二、学海荡舟

【 学法指要 】

单元重点词汇点拨

1 . loaf 一个面包，一条面包

he bought two loaves of bread .

〖 点拨 〗loaf 的复数为 loaves .

2 . grain 谷物，谷类，谷粒

china grows most of the grains of the world .

the chickens ate the grains of corn on the ground .

a few grains of rice 几颗米 / grains of wheat 麦粒

3 . wine 酒，葡萄酒，果酒

i am no judge of wine .

do you prefer french wine or italian wine ?

4 . develop 发展，开发

he developed the little shop into a big store .

the city has developed into the center of industry .

we must develop the natural resources of our country .

〖 点拨 〗developing 发展中的，developed 发达的

5 . experience ( 不可数 ) 经验、 ( 可数 ) 经历

he has no experience in teaching english .

she was a housewife of experience .

he had a pleasant experience .

6 . keep ( kept , kept ) 培育，饲养，养活

he made a living by keeping bees .

he keeps a large family .

7 . condition 条件，状况

they were working in difficult conditions .

health is one of the conditions of success in life .

the road is in good condition .

8 . rough 粗糙的，不平的

my hands are rough with work .

the road is very rough .

单元词组思维运用

1 . be made from / be made of / be made up of / be made in / make a from b / be made into

be made from “由……制成”，指从成品上看不出原材料是什么 ( 改变了本质 ) 。如：

paper is made from wood .

wine is made from rice .

be made of “由……制成”，指用原材料制成东西后，从成品上还能看得出原料是什么 ( 不改变木质，只改变了形状 ) 。如：

the bridge is made of steel .

cloth is made of cotton , wool , silk and other materials .

a be made into b . 意为把 a 制成 b，a 指原料，b 指成品，制出的成品可以是看得出原材料的，也可以是看不出原材料的。如：

wood can be made into paper / desk .

now chemists make coal tar into hundreds of useful things .

be made up of —— 由……构成 / 组成

a car is made up of many different parts .

this medical team is made up of ten famous doctors .

be made in 指“在 ( 某地 ) 制造”，如：

this tv set is made in china .

2 . knock sth . out of ……把某物从……中敲出来

in the following spring , the seeds should be knocked out of the seed-heads and sown . 到第二年春天把种子从谷穗里敲出来，然后再播种。

he knocked the gun out of the enemy\'s hand . 他打掉了敌人手中的枪。

the sudden blow knocked two teeth out of his mouth . 我突然的一击把两颗牙齿从他口里打了出来。

knock 构成的短语还有 knock at ( 敲…… ) ，knock against ( 撞击 ) , knock down ( 撞倒 ) ，knock over ( 撞翻 ) 等。

who is knocking at / on the door ?

the child knocked his head against the wall .

the cow knocked the basket over .

3 . point out 指出；使注意

1 ) point out that ……

he pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seed in the soil . 他指出，播种前清除杂草是很重要的。

at the meeting , he pointed out that agriculture should be put at the first place .

2 ) point …… out 或 point out …指出 ( 某人或某事 )

he quickly pointed out a mistake .

can you point out the finest pictures to me ? = can you point me out the finest pictures ?

4 . turn over 翻转

the soil should also be turned over with a fork so that the weeds would be destroyed . 我应当把耙子翻地，以除杂草。

the doctor turned him over and looked at his back .

the oil lamp was turned over and a fire started .

5 . go against 违背；不利于

if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year , you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good . 如果你违背自然，不适时耕作，你就得付出更多的劳动，而成果却不见得好。

if you do that , you\'ll go against your parents\' wishes .

his opinion is going against us .

the game went against tom\'s team .

6 . year after year与 year by year

1 ) year after year 年复一年地；一年又一年 ( 侧重重复的动作 )

do not plant , for example , rice year after year in the same field . 例如，在同一块田里不要年复一年地种稻谷。

year after year we have had a christmas card from dick .

2 ) year by year 逐年 ( 随着年数的推移逐渐变化，侧重变化性 )

the boy grows tall year by year .

7 . agree to do sth . 同意做某事

do they agree to sow wheat close together ? 他们同意密植小麦吗 ?

agree 也可作不及物动词，既可以单独使用又可以与不同的介词如 with / to / on 等连用。

he doesn\'t agree ( with me ) .

they agreed to my suggestion at last .

we agreed on an early start .

8 . now and then ( = at times ) 有时；不时地

is it necessary to remove weeds now and then ?

we go to the cinema now and then .

单元难点疑点思路明晰

1 . year after year 年复一年地，逐年，年年

don\'t plant rice year after year in the same field .

year after year pollution is worsening .

we have been to that place for a holiday year after year .

year after year i have had a birthday present from my parent .

注意：year by year 也是“逐年地，年复一年”之意。但 year after year 有强调“重复”之意，而 year by year 则有强调“逐年变化”之意。如：

they kept up a steady rise in production year by year .

production costs go down year by year .

the boy grows taller year by year .

2 . agree to do sth . —— 同意做某事

they agreed to leave at once .

辨析：①agree to sth . 是“同意 ( 赞成 ) 某事”，后面接表示“提议”、“办法”、“”等词。如：

i agree to the proposal ( the plan ) .

do you agree to this arrangement ?

mary\'s father has agreed to her marrying john .

②agree on sth . 指“ ( 对事情 ) 意见一致”，主语常是协商人或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、、行动等名词。如：

both parties agree on these terms .

after discussion the two sides agree on a cease - fire .

we agreed on making an early start .

③agree with 指“同意”，“赞成”某人的“意见”，“看法”。它还有“与……一致”“ ( 气候，食物等 ) 适合”的意思：如：

we all agree with her .

i quite agree with what you say .

the verb must agree with the subject in person and number .

your story agrees with what i have already heard .

that fish i had for supper doesn\'t agree with me .

the climate here doesn\'t agree with him .

his words do not agree with his actions .

3 . while people in other countries in the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds . . .

when you plough the soil , plough deeply the first time and less deeply the second time .

辨析：while , when 与 as 的句法作用

三者均可引导时间状语从句，但涵义不尽相同。while 的含义是“during the time that”表示时段或过程，强调主句与从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。

* while i was reading , the telephone rang .

when 的含义是“at or during the time that”既可用于指时间一点 ( 从句谓语需用终止性动词 ) ，也可用于指时间段 ( 从句谓语需用延续性动词 ) 。换言之，有时可与 while 通用，有时则不可。例如：1 ) when ( while ) i was busy in the kitchen , someone knocked at the door . 2 ) when ( 不用 while ) i woke up , mum was preparing breakfast .

as 常与 when 或 while 通用，但它更侧重主句与从句中的行为同时发生，通常译作“随着……”“或一边……一边……”

例如：as you grow , you know more and more .

when 和 while 可用作并列连词。when 是“在那时”或“这时突然” ( and just at that time ) 的意思，用来连接两个并列句。

an arab was walking along through the desert when he met two men .

while 意为“而”、“却”，表示对比关系。例如：

some like collecting stamps , while others like planting flowers .

4 . here are five pieces of advice collected from jia sixie\'s book qi min yao shu . 这里是从贾思勰的《齐民要术》书中摘录的五条意见。

here are / is…是以副词开头的句子，谓语动词要倒装。又如：

here is the stamp you want . 这是你要的邮票。( 正常语序是：the stamp you want is here . )

here is the ticket for you .

here are some examples .

here comes the bus . 公共汽车来了。

①在以 out , in , here , there , up , down , away , off 等副词开头的句子，通常引起主谓倒装。又如：

out went the students when the bell rang .

out rushed the boy .

in came the teacher and the lesson began .

down jumped the monkey from the tree .

away hurried the hunters .

there goes the bell . 打铃了。

②如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语的位置不变 ( 不倒装 ) ，只将副词放在句首。如：

out they went when the bell rang .

in he came and the lesson began .

away they hurried .

here he comes .

5 . he pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seeds in the soil . 他指出，播种前清除杂草是很重要的。

这是一个复合句，主句是 he pointed out ( 他指出 ) ，后接 that 引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个形式主语 it 结构，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to remove weeds ( 除草 ) ，介词短语 before sowing seeds in the soil 作后置时间状语，修饰不定式短语。若详细再分解，在介词短语中，sowing 是个动名词，sowing seeds 作介词 before 的宾语，in the soil 作 sowing seeds 的状语。

6 . your work will be less and the results will be better . 你就能获得事半功倍的效果。

这个句子前后用了相同的结构：will be less / will be better，以表示一种对称和对比的效果。对称指形式相似，对比指意义相反。

【 妙文赏析 】

it\'s dangerous for me

a man always went to the same bar at the same time every day and asked for two glasses of beer . he would drink them and then ask for two more .

one day the barman asked him :

“why do you always ask for two glasses of beer ? why don\'t you order one big glass instead ? ”

“because i don\'t like to drink alone” , the man answered . “i drink with my friend . ”

but a few days later the man came in and asked for only one beer .

“oh , has your friend died ? ”asked the barman .

“no , no . he\'s very well . this beer is for him . but i have stopped drinking . my doctor says it\'s dangerous for me . ”

【 思维体操 】

分类复合宾语汉译英专练

复合宾语是由宾语和宾语补足语构成的。复合宾语可分为“宾语 + 不定式、分词 ( 现在分词或过去分词 ) 、名词、形容词、介词短语、副词”六大类。你能根据汉语意思，补全句中所缺的复合宾语部分吗 ?

a . 宾语 + 动词不定式

1 . 请我们打扫教室。

the teacher asked _____ _____ _____ the classroom .

2 . 老板让工人们日夜工作。

the boss made _____ _____ _____ day and night .

3 . 我看见那孩子今天上午去上学了。

i saw _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ this morning .

4 . 告诉我们在教室里不要大声说话。

the teacher told _____ _____ _____ _____ loudly in the classroom .

b . 宾语 + 分词 ( 现在分词或过去分词 )

1 . 我听见那姑娘正在隔壁房间里唱歌。

i heard _____ _____ _____ in the next room .

2 . 他让那些灯亮了通宵。

he had _____ _____ _____ all night long .

3 . 我发现我的钢笔丢了。

i found _____ _____ _____ .

4 . 他看到那台电视机从办公室里被搬出来了。

he watched the _____ _____ _____ out of the office .

5 . 我看见那些孩子正过大街。

i saw _____ _____ _____ the street .

c . 宾语 + 名词

1 . 我们叫那只鸟波利。

we call _____ ______ _____ .

2 . 我认为吉姆是个聪明的孩子。

i think _____ a _____ _____ .

3 . 我们选迈克当我们的队长。

we made _____ _____ _____ leader .

4 . 他称自己是人民的老黄牛。

he called _____ an _____ _____ of the people .

d . 宾语 + 形容词

1 . 这消息使我们高兴。

the news made _____ _____ .

2 . 难道你不能让这些孩子们安静下来 ?

can\'t you keep _____ _____ _____ ?

3 . 我认为这道题容易。

i think _____ _____ _____ .

4 . 我发现学好很重要。

i find _____ _____ _____ learn english well .

e . 宾语 + 介词短语

1 . 第二天早晨，我发现我的钢笔在床下边了。

the next morning i found _____ _____ _____ the bed .

2 . 你没看见那姑娘就在隔壁房间里吗 ?

didn\'t you see _____ _____ just _____ the next room ?

3 . 请不要把你的书桌放在教室外边。

please don\'t leave _____ _____ the classroom .

f . 宾语 + 副词

1 . 我去了她家，可发现她出去了。

i went to her home , but found _____ _____ .

2 . 请让他进来。

please let _____ _____ .

3 . 他常把衣服丢在外边。

he often leaves _____ _____ _____ .

答案：a . 1 . us to clean 2 . the workers work 3 . the boy go to school 4 . us not to talk b . 1 . the girl singing 2 . the lights burning 3 . my pen lost 4 . tv set carried 5 . the children crossing c . 1 . the bird polly 2 . jim , clever boy 3 . mike our team 4 . himself , old cow d . 1 . us happy 2 . these children quiet 3 . this problem easy 4 . if important to e . 1 . my pen under 2 . the girl , in 3 . your desk outside f . 1 . her out 2 . him in 3 . his clothes outside

三、智能显示

【 心中有数 】

单元语法发散思维

直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语中的人称、时间状语、地点状语、时态及某些动词等，都要作相应变化，但在以下几种情况中，时间状语、地点、时态和动词就不能发生变化。

1 . 如果引述动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则直接引语中的时态不变。如：

kate always says , “i\'m growing fast . ”→kate always says that she\'s growing fast .

he will say , “i am going to join the army when i grow up . ”→he will say that he will joing the army when he grows up .

2 . 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语，时态不变。如：

he said , “light travels much faster than sound . ”→he said that light travels much faster than sound .

the teacher said , “the earth goes around the sun . ”→the teacher said that the earth goes around the sun .

3 . 直接引语中有确切的表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

peter said , “i was born in 1980 . ”→peter said that he was born in 1980 .

she said to me , “i finished writing the novel on october 1 , 1998 . ”→she told me that she finished writing the novel on october 1 , 1998 .

4 . 直接引语中凡有 when , since 等引导的过去时间状语从句，在变为间接引语时，从句的时态不变。如：

jack said , “the film had been on for five minutes when i got to the cinema . ”→jack said that the film had been on for five minutes when he got to the cinema .

he said , “i have studied english since i was a child . ”→he said that he had studied english since he was a child .

5 . 如果直接引语是由 when 引导的特殊疑问句，且又是一般过去时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

he said to me , “when did you see the film ? ”→he asked me when i saw the film .

6 . 如果直接引语中的谓语是 go 或 take，变为间接引语时不变。如：

john said , “i\'ll take her to the cinema . ”→john said that he\'d take her to the cinema .

7 . 在当地转述直接引语时，直接引语中的 here , come , bring 不变。如：

he said to me , “please bring your dictionary here when you come . ”→he asked me to bring my dictionary here when i came . ( 在当地转述 )

8 . 如果在当天转述，yesterday , tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。如：

she said , “i shall go shopping tomorrow . ”→she said that she would go shopping tomorrow .

【 动手动脑 】

单元能力立体检测

选择恰当的词 ( 词组 ) 填空，使句子完整、正确。

1 . be made of / from / into / up of / out of

( 1 ) the pyramids are made _____ huge stones .

( 2 ) how many states is usa made _____ ?

( 3 ) butter is made _____ milk .

( 4 ) in america people make potatoes _____ all kinds of food .

( 5 ) mrs white made a piece of table cloth _____ the old curtain .

2 . one ( s ) , it , that

( 1 ) the difficulty we are facing is bigger than _____ we met with last time .

( 2 ) i prefer the old designs to the new _____ .

( 3 ) this figure is a false _____ . take _____ back and show me a real _____ .

3 . turn over / on / off / to / down / up

( 1 ) the oil lamp was turned _____ and a fire started .

( 2 ) whenever i turned _____ him , he would turn _____ my demand .

( 3 ) whoever leaves last is to turn _____ the lights .

4 . point out / to / at

( 1 ) it is impolite to point your fingers _____ people while speaking .

( 2 ) we must point it _____ that the old temple is still in danger .

( 3 ) the hands of the clock are pointing _____ 12 sharp .

5 . agree with / to / on ( about )

( 1 ) what he said doesn\'t agree _____ the fact .

( 2 ) we agree _____ him _____ ploughing more deep , but we don\'t agree _____ some other views of his .

6 . go against / with

( 1 ) don\'t go _____ science or do anything _____ your will .

( 2 ) brown shoes don\'t go well _____ a black suit .

7 . next , near

( 1 ) she had no idea where coke lived except that his house was _____ a church .

( 2 ) the ertan power station , _____ to the changjiang three-gorge project , is the greatest one of china at present .

答案与简析： 1 . ( 1 ) of ( 2 ) up of ( 3 ) from ( 4 ) into ( 5 ) out of。make 与上述介词或介词词组搭配时分别表示：make of 指原材料能辨认，make from 指原材料不能辨认，make up of “由多个元素组成”，make into “把……制作成……”，make out of “把……改制 ( 或翻新 ) ；用……制造出……”。 2 . ( 1 ) that ( 2 ) ones ( 3 ) one , it , one。指代前面提到的事、物时三者的特征是：it 指同类同物；one 指同类异物，泛指且可数，其复数形式是 ones ; that 强调同类异物，特指，不可数。 3 . ( 1 ) over ( 2 ) to , down ( 3 ) off。turn over “打翻，翻阅，翻身”，turn to “转向，求助于”，turn down “拒绝、关小”，turn off “关掉”，其反义词是 turn on。 4 . ( 1 ) at ( 2 ) out ( 3 ) to。point at “指 ( 着 ) ”，或用某物对准某人或某物，较具体；point to “指 ( 朝 ) 向”，对象较笼统，也用于钟指针的指向；point out “指出”。 5 . ( 1 ) with ( 2 ) with , on , to。agree with “同意 ( 某人 ) ，与……一

致”；agree on “就……达成一致”。 6 . ( 1 ) against , against ( 2 ) with。go against “违背，不一致”，go with “与……一致，与……相配”。 7 . ( 1 ) near ( 2 ) next。作“邻近”讲时，near 直接充当介词，next 必须与介词 to 连用，next to 还可指“仅次于”；此外，near 作副词时也可与 to 连用，但只能表空间位置的“靠近”。

【 创新园地 】

假如你是 miss smith 的学生，上星期你们班进行了一次郊游。郊游前，miss smith 在通知全班时，与 jack 有一段对话。请你用自己的话把这段对话内容转述给你朋友听。(字数：100 — 120)

a dialogue

miss smith：you know we are going for an outing tomorrow . but is everyone sure of the time and place we are to meet ?

jack：i\'m not , madam .

miss smith：i thought it might be you . now i\'ll repeat . we\'ll meet at 9∶30 at the bus station . one more thing is that each of you should bring a bottle of hot drink and some sandwiches .

jack：madam , will the work we\'ve been doing have to be finished this evening ?

miss smith：of course it must . there certainly won\'t be much time before we go out . by the way , have you got a map and can you understand it ?

jack：well , that\'s just what is worrying me most . i\'m sorry to say i can\'t even make out where the school is .



创新园地参考答案：

last week we went for an outing . the day before miss smith asked us to remember the time and place we were to meet . but she found jack had forgotten everything , so she told us again to meet at 9∶30 at the bus station . she also told each of us to bring a bottle of hot drink and some sandwiches .

then jack asked if all the work would have to be finished that evening . miss smith told him that there certainly wouldn\'t be much time before going out and we had to get everything ready that evening . then she went on to ask if jack had a map and if he could understand it . poor jack said that it was just what was worrying him most . he couldn\'t even make out where the school was .