高一英语第三单元_高一英语教案
科目
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit3.doc
标题 american english(美式)
章节 第三单元
关键词 高一第三单元
内容
高中 第一册
unit 3
一、【目地与要求】
掌握本单元出现的单词和词组
pronounce , medicine , british , however , european , reason , explain , have some difficulty in doing……, ask…for , and so on , more or less , change…into…, come about , bring in , a great many ,等等……。
二、【日常交际用语】
would you please say that again more slowly ?
how do you pronounce/spell… ?
i’m sorry i know only a little english .
i have some difficulty in doing sth .
i’m sorry i don’t quite follow you .
what does this word mean ?
三、【知识重点与难点分析】
1.i have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in english .
在某些单词的发音上我有些困难。
have some difficulty (in) doing sth
这是一个很常见的句型。意思是“在做某事方面有困难”。
其中介词in常可省略。在此句型中difficulty是用作不可数名词,所以前面不能加不定冠词“a”,也不能改为复数形式。但difficulty前可加any , no等词,例如:
do you have any difficulty in translating this sentence into english ?
你把这句子翻译成有困难吗?
we had no difficulty in finding his house yesterday evening . (=we didn’t have any difficulty……)
昨晚,我们毫不费劲地就找到了他的家。
2.when do you take your near exams ?
你们下一次考试是什么时候?
注意本句中用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。本句相当于:when will you take your next exams ?
此句用法只限于将来的事件是“列入日程”的,也就是说,是按或时刻表将要发生的事,则可以用一般现在时来表示将来。
例如:
when does the winter vocation begin ?
寒假什么时候开始?
what time does the train leave for shanghai ?
开往上海的列车几点开车?
the plane takes off at ten a.m.
飞机上午十点起飞。
3.pardon ? would you please say that again more slowly ?
对不起,请慢点再说一遍好吗?
pardon ? =beg pardon ? =i beg your pardon?
是“对不起,请原谅”的意思。这里当没听清楚或没听懂对方话时,希望对方重复一遍的礼貌用语。意思是“i didn’t hear/understand what you said”同下句“i’m sorry , i don’t quite follow you .”一样,也是希望对方重说一遍的用语。
4.written english is more or less the same in both britain and america , though there are some spelling differences .
在英国和美国,书面大体上是相同的,尽管在拼法上有些差异。
more or less 作“或多或少”、“大约”、“差不多”、“几乎”解。
例如:
this work is more or less finished .
这件工作大体上已经完成了。
i’ve more or less finished reading the book .
我差不多已经把这本书看完了。
it took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling .
粉刷天花板用了大约一整天的时间。
i think it’s more or less a crime .
我认为这或多或少是一种犯罪行为。
5.how did these differences come about ?
这些差异是如何产生的呢?
come about意思是“发生”,“造成”。与happen , take place意思相近。
how did this accident come about ?
这个事故是怎么发生的?
nobody knows how the change came about ?
没人知道这种变化是怎样发生的?
can you tell me when it came about ?
你能告诉我这是何时发生的吗?
6.at first ,the language stayed the same as the language used in britain ,but slowly the language began to change from one part of the world to another.
起初,这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同,但是,慢慢地它开始在一个又一个地区发生变化。
1)句中的stay是连系动词,作“保持(某种状态)”解。相当于remain , keep的意思。通常后边跟形容词作表语。
例如:
this restaurant stays open till twelve o’clock .
这家餐馆一直营业到12点。
the temperature has stayed high this week .
这个星期气温一直都很高。
2)the same as/the same…as
是“和…一样”的意思。
例如:
your bike is the same as mine .
你的自行车和我的自行车是一样的。
i have the same trouble as you(have).
我和你有同样的困难。
i feel just the same as you do .
我和你们的感觉是一样的。
jenny looks the same as before .
珍妮看上去同过去一样。
mary is about the same age as your mother .
mary大约是和你母亲同岁。
7.sometimes , the english spoken in america or canada or australia changed ; but sometimes the language spoken in these places stayed the same , while the language in england changed.
有的时候,美国,加拿大或澳大利亚所说的英语发生了变化;但有的时候,这些地方所说的英语保持不变,而英国说的发生了变化。
1)在句中“spoken in america or canada or australia”和“the language”,其作用相当于定语从句。
如:sometimes , the english which was spoken in america or canada or australia changed ; but sometimes the language (which was spoken)in england changed .
2.which在句中是并列连词,表示两种情况的对照,对比或相反的情况,意思是“进而”、“而”、“却”。
例如:
he is tall while his elder brother is short .
他个子高而他的哥哥个子却矮。
english is understood all over the world while turkish is spoken by only a few people outside turkey itself .
世界通行,而土耳其语离开本国就很少有人说了。
8.but americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western england .
但是,美国人还是说“fall”,就像英格兰有些地区的人说“fall”一样。
1)本句中的助动词do与下句“in the same way americans use the expression”i guess “(meaning “i think ”) just as the british did 300 years ago .”中的did的用法是相同的。它们分别代替上文中出现过的谓语动词“talk”和“use”,以避免不必要的重复。
2)just as , as是连词,引导一个表示方式的状语从句,意思是“正如”,“恰似”,“按照”。
例如:
please do as i’ve told you .
请按我说的去做。
i have changed it as you suggest .
我已按照你的建议作了修改。
she loves singing and dancing , just as her mother does .
正如她母亲一样,她也喜欢唱歌跳舞。
please leave everything just as you find it .
请让一切都保持原状吧。
9.a great many + 名词/of代词,这里一个固定搭配用法,作“许多”,“非常多”解(=a large number of ). many在句中可用作形容词,也可用作代词。
例如:
a great many workers went on stride last week .
上周许多工人举行了罢工。
now a great many of them are out of work .
现在他们当中许多人都失业了。
10.there are several reasons for this .
这种情况的原因有几个。
1)the/ one’s reason for sth or doing sth是一个固定搭配的用法,作“…的原因、理由”解,the reason后不能用of。
the reason why +从句,意思也是“…的原因”。在口语中也可以用the reason that .
例如:
give me your reasons for doing it .
告诉我你做那件事的理由。
what is the reason for your hurry ?
你为什么这么匆忙?
this is the reason why he didn’t pass the examination .
这就是他考试不及格的原因。
the reason that he didn’t pass the exam was that he didn’t work hard enough .
他考试不及格的原因是学习不够努力。
3)reason与cause的区别。
reason与cause作名词时都有“原因”和“理由”的意思。reason通常指产生某种行为 或想法的推理上的理由,而cause通常指导致某一事件发生的起因。reason常和for连用,而cause常和of连用。
例如:
please give me your reason for absence .
请你把缺席的理由告诉我。
the cause of the fire is still unknown .
这场大火的起因还不知道呢。
11.…they also brought in some words from their own languages .
…他们也把自己语言中的一些词汇带到英国中来了。
bring in是动词词组。意思是“带进来”,“请进来”,“赚得”,“带来收入”。
例如:
we’ll bring in a professor to give us a lecture on the difference between american english and british english.
我们准备请一位教授来给我们讲一讲美国英语和英国的差异。
don’t bring peter in .he will do nothing to help us .
不要请peter来,他不会帮我们什么忙的。
his orchards bring(him)in $2000 a year .
他的果园每年可赚二千美元。
he does odd jobs that bring him in ten to twelve pounds a week .
他做零工每月可赚十至十二英镑。
12.i have some difficulties with pronunciation .
我在发音方面有些困难。
在这句中difficulty是可数名词,意思是“sth difficult to do or understand =难事,难做的 事或难懂的事。”
例如:
she met with many difficulties when she was traveling in japan .
她在日本旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事。
i want to marry her , but my parents are making difficulties .
我想同她结婚,但我父母却从中阻挠。
13.i don’t have any more tapes .
我再也没有磁带了。
not…any more/no more 意思是“不再”,“再也不”。
例如:
she said that she wouldn’t go there any more .(=she said she would go there no more .)
她说她再也不会到那儿去了。
we couldn’t stand it any more .
我们再也忍受不了了。
i don’t want to see him any more .
我再也不想见到他了。
14.i practised writing them for homework .
我在作业中练习写这些(汉字)。
practise sth or doing sth 练习做某事。注意practise后要跟名词或动名词,不能跟不定 式。
例如:
they are practising speaking english with some foreigners now .
现在,他们正在同外国人练习说呢。
he practises running every morning .
他每天早晨都练习跑步。
四、【背景知识】
英国英语和美国之间的区别主要有以下几个方面:
1)在词汇方面的区别:
gas/gasoline(美)──petrol(英); baggage(美)──luggage(英);
package(美)──parcel(英); mail(美)──post(英);
movie(美)──film(英); subway(美)──underground(英);
stairway(美)──staircase(英); soccer(美)──football(英)等。
2)在拼写方面的区别:
check(美)──cheque(英); jail(美)──gaol(英);
tire(美)──tyre(英);
美国英语一般用—or词尾,英国用—our词尾:
color──colour; favor──favour;
labor──labour等。
美国英语用—er词尾,英国用—re词尾:
center──centre; meter──metre;
theater──theatre等。
美国英语不双写辅音字母l,英国要双定辅音字母l:
marveled──marvelled; quarreler──quarreller;
traveling──travelling等。
3)在读音方面的区别:
again[′gein](美)──[′gen](英);clerk[kl:k](美)──[kla:k];
laboratory[′lebrtri](美)──[l′brtri](英);
此外,像dance , class , fast , half , past这些词中的元音字母a ,美国英语读作[ e ],英国读作[ a :],如[dens](美)──[da :ns](英);[kl es](美)──[kla :s](英);[f est](美)──[fa:st](英)等。
4)语法方面的区别:
在表示汉语“有”的概念时,美国英语多用动词have,英国多用动词完成式have got。
例如:i have a new car.(美)──i have got a new car.(英)。又如,美国英语说i insisted that everything be ready by six o’clock that evening,而在当前标准英国里,这类虚拟语气形式是“should”+动词原形,也就是:i insisted that everything should be ready by six o’clock that evening .
尽管美国英语和英国有着上述的一些区别,但这些区别并不影响相互之间的交际。