托福语法指南--词性变化_托福词汇
词性混淆误用一直是toeel考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成toeel命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的主要集中在written expression (16-40题)中，命题范围包括(1)并列结构中词性一致、(2)形容词与副词混淆、(3)形容词与名词混淆、(4)名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点1.并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一
全真例题分析
(1) bigness. boastful. and strong. frontiersman mike fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
[答案] a并列连词and连接三个形容词，故(a)bigness应改为big。
(2) the success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
[答案] d并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。
(3) regulation of public utilities in the united states is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
[答案] d并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。
(4) in middle ages. books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
[答案] b并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
2.形容词错用为副词
解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
全真例题分析
(1) animal life on prince edward island is confined large to ducks. pheasants. and rabbits (93.5)
[答案]c修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。
(2) the general sherman tree a giant sequoia in california, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] d修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。
(3) because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
[答案]修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。
(4) once an important port of entry for immigrants to the united states. island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)<词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。
全真例题分析
(1) the work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
[答案] a application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。
(2) administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100
[答案] b supervision改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾
结构。
(3) fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, henly ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)
[答案] a fascination改为fascinated,与后面的by组成过去分词短语作状语。
(4) from 1872 to, alice elvira freeman was dean of women at the newly foundation university of chicago. (93.8)
[答案] d foundation改为founded过去分词作定语，修饰university of chicago
5.由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
全真例题分析
(1) few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)
[答案] c名词originality应改为形容词original作表语。
(2) height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)
[答案] a形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。
(3) a major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
[答案] d名词dependence应改为形容词dependent,用来修饰后面的名词variables。
(4) a deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)
[答案]a形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。
(5) in nature, the distributive of plants is obviously
related to climate. (90.8)
[答案] b形容词distributive改为名词distribution，用主语。
(6) a foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)
[答案] d名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。
全真例题分析
(1) bigness. boastful. and strong. frontiersman mike fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
[答案] a并列连词and连接三个形容词，故(a)bigness应改为big。
(2) the success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
[答案] d并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。
(3) regulation of public utilities in the united states is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
[答案] d并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。
(4) in middle ages. books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
[答案] b并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
2.形容词错用为副词
解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
全真例题分析
(1) animal life on prince edward island is confined large to ducks. pheasants. and rabbits (93.5)
[答案]c修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。
(2) the general sherman tree a giant sequoia in california, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] d修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。
(3) because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
[答案]修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。
(4) once an important port of entry for immigrants to the united states. island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)<词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。
全真例题分析
(1) the work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
[答案] a application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。
(2) administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100
[答案] b supervision改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾
结构。
(3) fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, henly ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)
[答案] a fascination改为fascinated,与后面的by组成过去分词短语作状语。
(4) from 1872 to, alice elvira freeman was dean of women at the newly foundation university of chicago. (93.8)
[答案] d foundation改为founded过去分词作定语，修饰university of chicago
5.由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
全真例题分析
(1) few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)
[答案] c名词originality应改为形容词original作表语。
(2) height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)
[答案] a形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。
(3) a major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
[答案] d名词dependence应改为形容词dependent,用来修饰后面的名词variables。
(4) a deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)
[答案]a形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。
(5) in nature, the distributive of plants is obviously
related to climate. (90.8)
[答案] b形容词distributive改为名词distribution，用主语。
(6) a foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)
[答案] d名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。