怎样解答六级阅读理解中的推理判断题_CET阅读
六级考试阅读理解中推理判断题的比重较大，在40%左右。所有应当引起重视。下面将就推理判断题的题干表现形式、应试技巧、选项分析以及考点分布几个方面来一一进行分析。
(一)题干表现形式
推理判断题要求考生根据所读内容进行一定的推理和引申，透过文章表层了解到文章字里行间的潜在意义。此类题的题干中一般都含有imply, infer, deduce, conclude等词。常见的题干表现形式有：
1. the author ends the passage with implication that …
2. it can be inferred from the passage that …
3. what can we learn from the last paragraph?
4. it can be inferred that …
5. we know from the passage that …
6. it is implied in the passage that …
7. it can be concluded from the passage that …
8. we can infer from the passage that …
9. from the passage we can conclude that …
10. the passage is based on the author's …
11. the passage is most likely a part of …
(二)应试技巧
此类题目分为局部性推理判断题和篇章推理判断题。局部推理判断题是指针对文章细节或局部内容所设的题目；而篇章推理则是要求根据隐藏在文章字里行间的线索推断上下文论述的主题、文章的来源等。
针对局部性推理判断题，考生首先在文章中找到题干部分的中心词，或是它们的同义词、近义词，再根据其上下句或所属段落内容进行推理，这样就能找到文章所要表达的内容了。
篇章性推理判断题可分为推测文章主题、来源和推测作者观点态度两种题型，对于前者，考生可采取寻找主题句(篇首、篇尾，段首或段尾)的方法解决；对于后者，考生可从作者的结论或整篇文章的行文基调中寻求线索。
(三)选项分析
1闭确选项的特点：
1) 一般含义不肯定(或主观)的，或有新义的，或不合理的是答案。如含有 can, some, more or less, usually, relatively, not necessarily, suggest, be likely to, possible, dubious，expect, ignore, suspect, overlook, like, dislike, new, most, often, discuss , believe, could, may, should, might, whether, or等词的选项是正确选项；
2) 如果四个选项全能凭常识判断，其中含义深刻的是解；或四个选项中惟一一个不是常识项的是问题的解；
3) 应该注意选项中是文中说明的，即使符合原文，也不是正确选项。
2．干扰项特点：
1) 以假乱真，编造：不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出的观点；
2) 混淆本末，主次不分：虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头、概括过度；
3) 直接、间接不分：文章中明确表达当成推理出来的；
4) 因果颠倒：原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，或反之；
5) 手段与目的颠倒：原文的手段变成了选项中的目的，或反之。
(四)考点分布
1.转折对比处常考
转折或对比部分的重点往往在后面，考生在做题时要注意转折或对比之后的内容，然后结合文章主旨和作者的立场，推导出文章的深层含义。
【例】（1997年6月passage 3)
…
when their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. the biographies of jesus(耶稣) found in the bible are in this class.
…
q: the author cites the biographies of jesus in the bible in order to show that.
［a］ the best biographies are meant to transform their readers（文中提到的是有一些传记的目的是影响读者，而有关传记的优劣标准，文中则没有涉及）
［b］ biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects lives（与作者引用此例的用意无关）
［c］ the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figures（理由同a）
［d］ biographies can serve different purposes(对比处常考)
2．结论处常考
文章或段落的结论部分往往反映作者推理的最终结论或判断结果，考生在解答阅读理解题时一定要留意这一部分内容。
【例】（1997年1月passage 2）
…
furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. there have, for example, been very costly accidents in america, in britain and, of course, in russia. the possibility of increases in the cost of uranium(铀)in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. in the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. in spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. however, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.
q: the function of the last sentence is to____.
［a］ advance the final argument
［b］ reflect the writer's attitude
［c］ reverse previously expressed thoughts
［d］ show the disadvantages of nuclear power
复杂句包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和文章段落内容的理解等等。解答这类阅读题时，考生一定要注意弄清复杂句的层次逻辑关系。
【例】（今年6月passage 4)
…
in conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. in the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. in the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across
cultures. if researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. if, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
…
q: compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more .
［a］culturally interactive
［b］culture oriented
［c］culturally biased
［d］culture specific
4. 因果关系的内容常考
两个事件内在的因果关系常常成为出题人的命题点，一般说来，这种选择题有两种形式：给原因推结果或是给结果找原因。
【例】（1997年6月passage 4）
whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. during the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. the eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. this attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. in one study, when american four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. in japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. as a result, japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode(把…编码) or decode (理解) meaning. in fact, argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner."
q: according to the passage, the japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because ____.
［a］they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker（文中没有提到）
［b］they need not communicate through eye-contact（过于绝对，不是解）
［c］they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
［d］they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye-contact in babyhood
5．支持主题思想的细节部分常考
【例】（1997年1月passage 1)
more and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
it's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. but it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. the computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
q1: it can be concluded from the passage that ____.
［a］it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today(与文意不符)
［b］computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
［c］computer criminals can escape punishment because they can't be detected (与文意不符)
［d］people commit computer crimes at the request of their company (过度推理)
q2. it is implied in the third paragraph that ____.
［a］many more computer crimes go
［b］the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem（文中虽然提到computer crime是一个troublesome problem，但并没有提及到犯罪数上升的内容）
［c］most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes（文中提到被监测到的犯罪份子非常不幸，但不能由此得出大多数计算机犯罪分子都懂得掩饰自己的罪行）
［d］most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck（文意为：被监测到的犯罪分子都是些极其倒倒霉的家伙）
6．篇、段首，以及篇尾处常考
文章的首段或尾段往往提出或出文章的主旨或结论，解答此处的推理题一定要知道全文的中心思想，四个选项中与文章主旨一致的就是答案。
【例】（1997年6月passage 3）
the biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject(研究对象). too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul — the quality of life. who should write the biography of a family, for example? because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. similarly, a king's servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king, but a foreigner might not have the know
ledge and sympathy necessary to write the king’s biography — not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.
biographers may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. in advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized" by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. in book promotions, the "unauthorized" characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. a subject might have several biographies, even several "authentic" ones. we sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.
q1: according to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who ____.
［a］ knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him
［b］ is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing（文中没有涉及到）
［c］ is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivity
［d］ possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject (文中没有涉及到)
q2：which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
［a］ an authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.(文中没有提到)
［b］ an authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.
［c］ no one can write a perfect biography.
［d］ authorized biographies have a wider readership.
7. 引言处命题
【例】（1998年1月passage 4）
"welcome to the u.s.a.! major credit cards accepted!"
by the millions they are coming—no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. these are the wealthy. "we don't have a budget", says a biologist from brazil, as she walks with two companions through new york city's south street. "we just use our credit cards."
q: from what the brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ____.
［a］ are reluctant to carry cash with them（文中没有提到）
［b］ simply don't care how much they spend
［c］ are not good at planning their expenditure
［d］ often spend more money than they can afford（文中没有提到）