四级考试语法指要_CET语法

一、大纲要求
最新《大学教学大纲》（1999）对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。”
二、四级语法结构与词汇考查内容
四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。
1．语法考题的涉及面宽
近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。
2．语法考试的重点突出
语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。
3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况
1）虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时：it is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋动词原形；it is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时：proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2）状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly…when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
4．词汇的考查重点为
1）动词，名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2）习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；
be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
5）介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现。
5．近年来考题中的新趋势为：若干考点混合出现：一些交际用语也时常出现在考题中。

一虚拟语气考查点

essential , important 等词后的虚拟语气； 1) it was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四级考试.）
a must be sent b would be sent c be sent d were sent（答案是c）
2) it is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （97年1月四级考试.）
a is collected b be collected c must be collected d can be collected （答案是c）

if only ,wish等词后的虚拟语气； 1) look at the terrible situation i am in ! if i ___ your advice . （93年6月四级考试.）
a follow b had followed c would follow d have followed （答案是b）
2) i wish i ___ longer this morning ,but i had to get up and come to class. （95年6月四级考试.）
a have slept b slept c might have slept d could have slept （答案是d）

条件从句中的虚拟语气
1) h e must have had an accident , or he ___ then （90年1月四级考试.）.
a would have been here b should be here c had to be here d would be here （答案是a）

二动词的 ing 形式和过去分词
分词的独立结构
1）名词（代词）+ 分词
a new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90/1)
a） working out c) having been worked
b) having worked out d) to have been worked out (c)
with + 名词（代词）+ v--ed或v--ing　
2) after the arab states won independence , great emphasis was laid on expanding education , with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school . (97/1)
a) to be couraged b) being encouraged c) been encouraged d) be encour

aged (b)
动名词短语做宾语
they are considering _______ before the prices go up. (89/1)
a of buying the house c buying the house
b with buying the house d to buy the house (c)
分词短语做状语
________with the picture, mary tore it to pieces. (92/6)
a dissatisfying thoroughly c being thoroughly dissatisfied
b to dissatisfy thoroughly d to be thoroughly dissatisfied (c)
分词短语做定语
if i correct someone , i will do it with as much good bumor and self – restraint as if i were the one _______. (95/1)
a to correct b correcting c having corrected d being correcting (d)
分词短语做补语
when i caught him _______ me i stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. (97/1)
a cheat b cheating c to cheat d to be cheating (b)

三不定式
不定式在wh—q，what ，how 等之后；
there is more land in australia than the government knows ________. (89/1)
a what to do with b how to do c to do with it d to do it (a)
不定式做定语
不定式在 + which/who 之后做定语
不定式的进行式
不定式的完成式
不定式的被动语态
省to的不定式

四名词做定语
i walked too much yesterday and ________ are still aching now . (95/6)
a my leg’s muscles c my leg muscles
b my muscles of leg d my muscles of the leg (c)

五被动语态
the fifth generation computers , with artificial intelligence , ___________ and perfected now. (96/1)
a developed b have developed c are being developed d will have been developed (c)

六时态
过完成式时
before the first non – stop flight made in 1994 , it _____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling . (95/1)
a would be b has been c had been d would have been (c)
现在完成进行时
it seems oil _____ form this pipe for some time , we’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right .(97/6)
a had leaked b is leaking c leaked d has been leaking (d)
将来完成时
it’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _____ by about 10% . (96/1)
a will have risen b has risen c will be rising d has been rising (a)

七词序（副词的位置，前置定语的位置）
i could not find ____ , and so i took this one .(91/6)
a a large enough coat b a large coat enough c an enough large coat d a coat enough large (a)

八情态动词
mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class ; she _____ have studied very hard . (89/1)
a may b should c must d ought to (c)

九定语从句
_____ might be expected , the response to the question was very mixed . ( 95/1)
a as b that c it d what (a)

十同位语从句
the mere fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does mean that it will not occur .(97/6)
a what b which c that d why (c)

十一强调句型
___--she first heard of the man referred to as specialist . (90/1)
a that was form stephen b it was stephen
c it was form stephen d it was stephen that (c)

十二主语和谓语动词的一致性
how close parents are to there children ____ a strong influence on the character of the children .
a have b has c having d to have (b)

十三省略
_____ with the size of the whole earth , the highest mountain does not seem high at all . (90/1)
a when compared b compare　c while comparing d comparing (a)

十四到装
she never laughed , ____ lose he temper .(90/1)
a or she ever did b nor did she ever c or did she ever d nor she ever did (b)

十五状语从句
you can not be ____ careful when you drive a car .(97/6 )
a very　b so c too d enough (c)

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四级考试语法指要_CET语法