第三篇    global cancer rates to rise by 50％by 2020

    the number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50％but the year

2020’ but a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by

adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action．

    the world cancer report，released by the，international agency for research on cancer,

shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as

well as rich ones．

    overall．cancer was responsible for 12％of all deaths in 2000. but in many countries more

than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer．

    the report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000．and that

number is expected to rise to 1 5 million by 2020．researchers say most of that increase will

mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and

current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits．

    “cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first

time，matching its effect in industrialized(工业化的)countries，”said researcher paul kleihues，

md．director of iarc。in a news release．“once considered a‘western’disease，the report

highlights that more than 50 percent of the world’s cancer burden．in terms of both numbers of

cases and deaths．already occurs in developing countries．”

    the risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in

less-developed ones．however, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing

countries，where 80%of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors(肿瘤)at the

time of diagnosis．

    researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to

greater exposure to tobacco，occupational carcinogens(致癌物)，and an unhealthy western diet

and lifestyle．as less—developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous，they tend

to adopt the high·fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the west，which

increase cancer rates．

41 the report says that steps could be taken to reduce about

    a  50% of new cancers．

    b  33％ of new cancers．

    c  12％ of new cancers．

    d  80％ of new cancers．

42 which of the following statements is not correct?

  a there were 1 0 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000．

  b  generally，cancer accounted for 12％of all deaths in 2000．

  c  cancer is the cause of over 25％of all deaths in many countries．

 

       

d it is expected that global cancer rates will go up by 50％by 2020

43 according to paul kleihues，cancer was once regarded as

    a  all incurable disease．

    b  a mysterious disease．

    c  a“western”disease．

    d  a world disease．

44 the risk of dying from cancer in developed countries is

  a double that in developing countries．

  b  much higher than that in developing countries．

  c the same as that in developing countries．

  d  much lower than that in developing countries．

45 all the following factors may increase cancer rates except

  a  occupational carcinogens．

  b lack of access to tobacco．

  c  unhealthy habits．

  d  aging populations．

第5部分：、补全短文  (第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)

    阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择

5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位

置上。

the story of lani

  five-year-old lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning。“she’s

very good about it ”says her father david．lani is alive today because of her father david，in

more than one way；when she was one year old she received part of her father’s liver in a

liver—transplant operation．lani was born with a liver illness (46)              doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live．

the operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams，one for the father and one for the

daughter           (47)in these cases，the donor’s liver grows to normal size in about eight

weeks。and t11e child’s liver becomes smaller．

  lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation．because the receiver’s body tries to

reject the new organ，the patient has to be given special drugs           (48)

  although david left hospital after 10 days，he didn’t return to work until after three months．

in order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall，which is strong and

full of muscle．it therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation．          (49)

so far，only 16 of these liver—transplant operations have been carried out in britain．

           (50)doctors say,“if possible，we prefer to take a liver from a dead don not, usually a

parent．” 

  lani still has to look after her health，and she gets more tired than other children of the

same age，but doctors hope

         

that she will continue to get stronger and stronger．

a  she had one operation when she was six weeks old，which was not successful．

b  while these drugs are given，it is important that the patient does not catch any illness，not

    even a cold．

c  in this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250--300 grams，was removed from the

  father and transplanted into the daughter．

d david quickly recovered from the operation．

e however, they are more common in north america and japan．

f david was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year．

第6部分：完形填空  (第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)

    阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，。每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容

从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

talking to kids about sars(非典)

  school age children may be learning about sars from adults and the media，but may not

know what to make of the situation，says a national health charity．

  the lung association says parents should take time to talk to their        (51)and explain

 the facts about sars and how to avoid the illness．

  the following is based on recommendations             (52)thursday by the lung association：

·   ask your children if they have heard            (53)sars at school，from friends，

from tv, etc．finding out what they already know can’ be a good            (54) to start the

conversation and to clear away any wrong ideas they might have about the illness and how it is

spread．

·  school age children are usually old         (55) to understand concepts such as getting

sick from germs(细菌)and how to avoid illness．a simple reminder(提示)          

(56)to cough on people and to wash their hands often may be sufficient for younger kids．all

children should be shown how to              (57)their hands properly

    remember to keep it simple so           (58)not to overwhelm children with information．but answer them truthfully. kids can tell when you are not being honest or if you’re

hiding something，and sometimes the unknown can be more．frighten hag than the

(59)．parents with anxious children will know           (60)their kids will handle

information on sars and can tailor their discussion accordingly．

  ·  one way to explain the illness is to the children that sars is like a bad breathing

problem．it is          (61)from a cold，but people can catch it in the same ways—such as

coughing on someone，not washing your hands or sharing a glass with a sick person．

         

·   describe how sars is spread，but mention that the chance of          (62)sars

is small．there is no reason to tell children people are dying of sars            (63)they ask,

never use the threat of death as away to remind kids to wash their hands

·children should be          (64)to trust their parents and other caregivers

explain that many smart people，           (65)doctors and scientists，are working on the problem and looking out for everyone’s health．

51 a families    b children  c friends      d doctors

52 a released    b held     c secured      d regarded

53 a with       b from     c about       d on

54 a way      b path       c pass        d wheel

55 a already   b yet         c enough      d somewhat

56 a not      b neither      c nor        d no

57 a hold      b put        c shake       d wash

58 a as       b since       c that         d far

59 a story    b information   c truth       d fear

60 a why     b how         c truth       d what

61 a worse    b different     c separated    d similar

62 a curing   b fighting      c knowing     d getting

63 a unless   b since         c after        d while

64 a called   b encouraged      c supported   d warned

65 a as      b except         c1ike         d despite

2004年职称等级考试

卫生类(b级)答案

满分100分，其中：

l一15每题1分；

16—30每题1分；

31—45每题3分；

46—50每题2分；

51—65每题1分。

1 d  2 c  3.b   4.a     5b     6b     7a     8b     9b      10c      11a

12b  13a    14c   15d   16 a    17 c    18 b    19 a 20 c    2l b    22 a

         

23 f   24 b   25 e   26 c  27d   28e    29.c   30 a  3l c    32 b   33 a    34 d    35 c  36 a    37 c    38 d    39 b    40 c

41 b    42 a    43 c    44 d    45 b

46 a    47 c    48 b    49 f    50 e

51 b    52 a    53 c    54 a    55 c

56 a    57 d    58 a    59 c    60 b

6l b    62 d    63 a    64 b    65 c

2004年职称等级考解

卫生类(b级)

第一部分：阅读判断

1．    答案为d。“lately”和“recently”都有“最近”的意思。

2．    答案为c。“while”在这个句子中引起的是一个让步从句，所起的作用是跟

    “although”一样的。

3．    答案为b。“enormous”和“large”都是“巨大的”，在这里两者可以互换。

4．    答案为a。“annually”就是“every year”的意思“

5．    答案为b。“details”是“细节”的意思。“particulars”也是“细节”的意思。

6．    答案为b。·take…into consideration与take…into account这两个短语意思相同，

    故选b。

7．    答案为a。limited：数量有限的，a limited number of books：有限的一些书籍。这

    里limited number与small number意思相同，故选a。

8．    答案为b。propose与suggest都是“提议，建议”的意思，这里可以互换，故选

    b。

9．    答案为b。blended与mixed都有“把……混合起来”的意思，此处可互换，故选

    b。    -

10．    答案为c。modify的意思是“修改”，与change意思相同，故选c。modify的意

    思是“改动，修改”，故和change同义，clarify的意思是“澄清”，define是“界定”

    的意思。    ’

11．    答案为a。extract a tooth是“拔牙”的意思，在四个选项中只有take out可以

    替代。    ·

12．    答案为b。句子的意思是“九月份经济继续呈现衰退的迹象”，和exhibit同义

    的只有show。是最佳答案。

13．    答案为a。durable：耐用的，long．1asting：持久的。画线词与选项a意思相同，

    可互换，故a为正确答案。

14．    答案为c。expire的意思是“断气”，即“死了”，与选项c意思相同，故c为

    答案。

15．    答案为d。gaze的意思是“长时间盯看……”，与选项d意思相同，所以d为答案。

第二部分：阅读判断

16 a  从文章的第三段可以得知，有一百一十多万美国人参与了这项历时六年的研究。

17 c  文章第四段只是提及该项研究的负责人之一是一位来自加州大学的精神病学教

    授，但并没有说研究对象来自哪里。

18 b  从文章的第一句便可得知，一

         

个人并非每晚睡眠时间越长就越长寿。    ．

19 a  从文章的第四段可以得知，一个人平均每晚睡眠六个半小时就足够了。

20 c  文章第六段只是提及研究发现，每晚睡眠七小时的男女寿命最长，但并没有说多

    数参与研究者在研究进行期间是否每晚睡七小时。

21 b  从文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小时者要比每晚睡眠八或更多小时者长寿，

    但每晚睡眠不足五小时者死亡率将随之升高。

22 a  从文章的最后一句可以得知，该项研究首次区分出每晚睡眠七小时与八小时之间

、  的差别。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

23 f  文章第一段主要讲的是ford的强项所在。

24 b  文章第二段主要介绍公司的流水线。

25 e  文章第三段主要讲的是ford的最大贡献，即采用每天5美元最低工资制。

26 c  文章第四段主要讲的是ford的梦想，即使汽车普及到干家万户。

27 d  从文章的第二段可以得知，’流水线的采用使得每辆汽车的生产速度大大提高，从

    而导致汽车的大批量生产。

28 e  从文章的第三段可以得知，当时汽车业采用的是每天九小时工作制，而ford将

  其缩减成八小时。

29 c  从文章的第四段可以得导知，高工资使得更多的人有能力购买汽车。

30 a  从文章的第三段可以得知，ford采用的高工资、低成本策略在当时受到了媒体的

    批评。

第四部分：阅读理解

31 c  从文章的第一段可以得知，florence nightingale虽然出生在意大利，但其父母都

    是英国人。

32 b  从文章的第二段可以得知，florence nightingalel7岁时下决心致力于救助病人，

  但遭到父母的反对。

33 a  从文章的第四、五段可以得知，florence nightingale开始只是去病人家里救助病

    人，直到英俄战争爆发，她才首次有机会去医院工作。

34 d  文章倒数第二段讲到，出乎战地医生意料的是，florence nightingale和她的护士

    姐妹们用辛勤的汗水挽救了许多伤员的生命。

35 c  从文章的最后一段可以得知，florence nightingale为护理学的发展做出了重要贡

    献。

36 a 从文章第一段中的第三句话可以看出，作者的第一反应是戴助听器会使他看上去老许多。

37 c  文章第三段中的第一句提到，“水晶耳”几乎看不见，但这并不等于看不见。

38 d  从文章的倒数第二句可以得知，“水晶耳”的非凡设计使其十分节能。

39 b  从文章的最后一段第二句的前半部分可以得知，失聪目前是世界头号健康问题。

40 c  从文章的最后一段可以得知，许多失聪患者有病不治的原因是该病治起来十分麻烦。

41 b  从文章的第一段可以得知，如果采取适当措施，新发癌症的三分之一是可以避免的。

42 a  文章第四段提到，2000年全球仅新诊断的癌症病人就达一千万。

43 c  从文章的第五段可以得知，癌症曾被视为“西方”病。

44 d  从文章的倒数第二段可以得知，发展中国家的癌症死亡危险度大大高于发达国家。

45 b  从文章的最后一段可以得知，造成癌症高发率的原因之一便是大量吸烟。

第五部分：补全短文    。

46 a  文章第一段介绍说，如今五岁的iani在一岁的时候做了肝移植手术，父亲将自己

    的肝的一部分给了女儿。为什么要做这个手术呢?这是因为lani生下来便有肝病。根

    据上下文，空格处应填出生后至手术前曾采取过的措施，即六周大的时候，她曾做过

    手术，但是不成功。    ，

47 c  文章第二段具体介绍手术情况。根据空格后句子的内容，空格处应填有关捐肝的内容。

48 b  有了空格前一句最后一词的提示，空格处应填的句子也就不难选择了。

49 f  此段中i空格前的句子都在将lani父亲手术后的恢复情况及其原因，因此空格处

    的句子也应与他的恢复有关。

50 e  空格前一句讲的是肝

         

移植在英国的进展，空格处应首选与其进行比较的句子。

第六部分：完形填空

51 b  根据句子中“父母”一词，能推断空格处应填“孩子”一词。

52 a  根据上下文，空格处应填“颁布”一词。

53 c  表达“听说过某事”，要用“hear about”这一短语。

54 a  表达做某事的方式，应用“a way to do sth．”。

55 c  表达“到了可以做某事的年龄”，应用“old enough to do sth．”。

56 a  根据空格后面词语的内容，此处要表达的是：提示不要做某事。

57 d  前一句中已经出现过“wash their hands”这一短语，因此，答案不难选择。

58 a  “so as not to”是固定用法，表示“以便不……”的意思。

59 c  根据上下文，空格处应填“unknown”一词的反义词，即“truth”。

60 b  根据上下文，此处要表达的是“如何”处理有关非典的，用“how”。

61 b  根据后半旬的内容，即“然而，人们可以以同样的方式染上它”，可以推断空格

  处应选“不同”一词。

62 d  根据前半句的内容，即“告诉孩子们非典是如何传播的”，可以推断空格处应填

    “染上”一词。

63 a  根据上下文，此处要表达的是“除非”之意，用“unless”。

64 b  根据句子的内容，空格处应填“鼓励”一词。

65 c  “医生与家”是用来举例说明“许多有才智之人”的，因此应选“like~’一词。

 

 

        [7]