33 the author brushed his teeth over and over
a to relieve himself of the pressure．
b to ease his toothache．
c to shake off the cold．
d to remove the dirt．

 

34 gladiator was the name of
a a movie．
b a pet．
c a couch．
d a song．

 

35 what did the‘‘couch’’represent?
a a new thought．
b different songs．
c a comfortable life．
d happy memories．

 

 

第二篇

ancient egypt brought down by famine

    even ancient egypt’s mighty pyramid(金字塔)builders were powerless in the face of the

famine(饥荒)that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 b．c．．now evidence

 collected from mud deposited by the river nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of  kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame--and the same or worse could happen today．

    the ancient egyptians depended on the nile’s annual floods to irrigate their crops．but any change in climate that pushed the african monsoons(季风)southwards out of ethiopia would

 have reduced these floods．

    declining rains in the ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil．w．1len rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the blue nile and into  egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the white nile．

    blue nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white nile．so by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the nile delta．michael krom of leeds

university worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river．

    krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of blue nile mud in the river

would be relatively high．he found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。

immediately came before the fall of the egypt’s old kingdom．

    the weakened waters would have been disaster for the egyptians．‘‘changes that affect food supply don’t have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，”says bill ryan of the lamont doherty earth observatory in new york．

    similar events today could be even more devastating，says team member daniel stanley．a

scientist from the smithsonian institution in washington d．c．“anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the nile system t

       

oday because the

populations have increased dramatically．”

 

36 why does the author mention “egypt’s mighty pyramid builders’’?

a because they once worked miracles．

b because they were well—built．

c because they were actually very weak．

d because even they were unable to rescue their civilization．

 

37 which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for bringing down the

civilization of ancient egypt?

a change of climate．

b corrulption．

c flood．

d population growth．

 

38 which of the following statements is true?

a the white nile is the trunk of the river nile．

b the white nile is the trunk of the blue nile．

c the white nile is a branch of the blue nile．

d the white nile is a branch of the river nile．

 

39 according to krom，the egypt’s o1d kingdom fell

  a immediately after a period of drought．

  b immediately after a period of flood．

  c just before a drought struck．

  d just before a flood struck．

 

40 the word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by

  a “frustrating'’．

  b “damaging'’．

         

  c “defeating”．

  d “worrying'’．

 

第三篇

technology transfer in germany

    when it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match germany．since the 1940s，the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．and though german prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．

    much of the reason for that success is the fraunhofer society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies·but today the fraunhofer institutes have competition．universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．these efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies.

  such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its critics. these people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．if every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven：free and widely available will suffer．others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.

  while this debate continues，new ideas flow at a steady rate from germany’s research networks，which bear famous names such as helmholtz，max planck and leibniz．yet it is the fourth network，the fraunhofer society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．

    founded in 1949, the fraunhofer society is now europe’s largest organization for applied technology，and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．it continues to grow．last year’it swallowed up the heinrich hertz institute for communication technology in berlin．today, there are even fraunhofers in the us and asia．

1         what factor can be attributed to german prosperity?
a technology transfer．
b good management．
c hard work．
d  fierce competition．

 

2         which of the following is not true of traditional university research?
a  it is free．
b  it is profit-driven．
c  it is widely available．
d  it is curiosity—driven．

 

3 the fraunhofer society is the largest organization for applied technology in

a  asia．
    b  usa．
    c  europe．
    d  africa．

 

4 when was the fraunhofer society founded?

a  in 1940．
    b last year．
    c  after the unification．
    d  in 1949．

 

5 the word“expertise’’in line 3 could be best replaced by

  a  “experts”．
  b  “scientists

         

”．
  c  “scholars”．
  d  “special knowledge”．

第5部分：补全短文  (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

    阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择

5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位

置上。

you need courage!

shortly after i began a career in business，i learned that carl weatherup，president of pepsico(百事可乐公司)，was speaking at the university of colorado．i tracked down the

person handling his, schedule and managed to get myself an appointment．        (46)

    so there 1 was sitting outside the university’s auditorium，waiting for the president of pepsico．i could hear him talking to the students…and talking，and talking．         (47)he was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes．decision time．

    i wrote a note on the back of my business card，reminding him that he had a meeting．“you

have a meeting with jeff hoye at 2：30 pm．”i took a deep breath，pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle(过道)toward him as he talked．mr．

weatherup stopped．         (48)just before i reached the door, i heard him tell the group

that he was running late．he thanked them for their attention，wished them luck and walked out to where 1 was now sitting，holding my breath．

    he looked at the card and then at me．“let me guess．”he said．“you’re jeff．”he smiled．         (49)

he spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time，some wonderful stories that i still use，and an invitation to visit him and his group in new y_0rk．but what he gave me that i value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as i had done．         (50)when things need to happen，you either have the nerve to act or you don’t．

 

 

a i began breathing again and we grabbed(霸占)an office right there at school and closed the door．

b  as i sat listening to him，i knew that i could trust him，and that he deserved every bit of loyalty i could give to him．

c  i became alarmed：his talk wasn’t ending when it should have．

d  he said that it took n

         

erve for me to interrupt him，and that nerve was the key to success in the business world．

e  1 was told，however，that he was on a tight schedule and only had 1 5 minutes available after  his talk to the business class．

f  i handed him the card then i turned and walked out the way i came．

 

第6部分：完形填空  (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)    ．

一  卤读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从

4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

     american public education has changed numbers of american parents and teachers are

in recent years．one change is that increasing starting independent public schools        (51)charter schools(特许学校)．    ．

     in 1991，there were no charter schools in the united states．today, more than 2,300 charter schools        (52)in 34 states and the district of columbia．575,000 students

         (53)these schools．the students are from 5 years of age through 1 8 or older．

a charter school is        (54)by groups of parents，teachers and community(社区)

members．it is similar in some ways        (55)a traditional public sch001．it receives tax money to operate just as other public schools do．the        (56)it receives depends on the number of students．the charter school must．prove to local or state governments that its students are learning．these governments        (57)the school with the agreement。or charter that permits it to operate．

unlike a traditional public school，         (58)，the，charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools．local，state or federal governments cannot tell it what        (59)．

each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to        (60)those goals. class sizes usually are，smaller than in many traditional public schools．many

students and parents say        (61)in charter schools can be more creative．

  however, state education agencies，local education-governing committees and unions often          (62)charter schools．they say these schools may receive money badly

      &nb

         

sp;  (63)by traditional public schools．experts say some charter schools are doing well

while others are struggling．

congress provided 200 million dollars for        (64)charter schools in the 2002 federal budget(预算)．but，often the schools say they lack enough money for their          (65)．many also lack needed space．

 

51   a  called          b   asked           c   known          d   said

52   a  study           b   conduct         c   operate        d   perform

53   a  finish          b   attend          c   leave          d   cut

54   a  taught          b   held            c   created        d   understood

55   a  to              b   with            c   by             d   in

56   a  attention       b   amount          c   expense        d   information

57   a  buy             b   review          c   give           d   provide

58   a  besides         b   moreover        c   thus           d   however

59   a  teach           b   discuss         c   have           d   get

60   a  set             b   reach           c   indicate       d   define

61   a  farmers         b   works      &nb

         

sp;    c   teachers       d   soldiers

62   a  oppose          b   change          c   enter          d   encourage

63   a  treated         b   need            c   earned         d   wasted

64   a  needing         b   spending        c   comparing      d   establishing

65   a  programs        b   parents         c   records        d   words

 

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