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不定代词用法小结_高中英语

 

 不定代词是历年来查最多的一类。在学习过程中应特别注意以下几组代词的用法:

 一 . some 与 any 的用法

 1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时,意为“某个”。如:

 i have some questions about the assignment.

 would you mind buying me some sweet?

 (希望得到肯定答复)。

 2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示“一些”。用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示“任何”。如:

 the medicine is on sale every where. you can get it at any chemist's.

 二 . each 与 every 的用法

 1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:

 there are trees and flowers at each side of the road.

 2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,只能作定语,不能说 every of them ,要说 every one of them .如:

 every student in our class works hard.

 三 . no one 与 none 的用法

 1. no one 意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句。如:

 — who is in the classroom?

 — no one.

 2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”,回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如:

 they were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.

 四 . other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法

 1. other 表示泛指,意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the, this, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。如:

 i have no other place to go.

 2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。如:

 this cap is too small for me. show me another (one)。

 we need another three assistants in our shop.

 3. others :它是 other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如:

 he has more concern for others than for himself.

 4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。如:

 china is larger than any other country in asia.

 5. the other :表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也可接单数名词。如:

 no agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.

 五 . all 与 both 的用法

 均表示“都”,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物, both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义,如果与 not 连用时,则表示部分否定。

 六 . neither 与 either 的用法

 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”;而 either 表肯定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用,也可同介词 of 连用。如:

 both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game.

 — do you want tea or coffee?

 — either. i really don't mind.

 七 . it, one 和 that

 1. it 可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中“ the+ 名词”或“物主代词 + 名词”中的名词,表示同一件事物,但 it 代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是 they 或 them .如:

 the parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.

 2. one 所表示的名词(可指人或物)和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个,不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是 ones .如:

 i hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.

 3. that 指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物,但 that 代替的是有定冠词的名词,表特指,它还可以代替不可数名词。用 that 来代替前面已出现的可数名词( that 相当于 the one )或不可数名词时,后面一定要跟修饰语,且 that 只能指物。如:

 no bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.

 总之,我们在使用不定代词时,一要注意指代的范围;二要注意是表示肯定还是否定;三要注意词性(它们还可用作形容词)。

 练一练

 1. after a long walk, they were ______________ very tired, but ________________ of them would stop to have a rest.

 a. all; neither b. both; none

 c. all; no one d. both; neither

 2. — why don't we take a little break?

 — didn't we just have ______________?

 a. it b. that c. one d. this

 3. few pleasure can equal ______________ of a cool drink on a hot day. ( nmet1999 )

 a. some b. any c. that d. those

 4. — he was nearly drowned once.

 — where was ______________?

 — _____________ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

 a. that; it b. this; this

 c. this; it d. that; this

 5. some of the wheat is from canada. what about ________________?

 a. another b. the other

 c. others d. the rest

 6. young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____________.

 a. the other b. some other

 c. others d. these others

 key:

 1. d 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. d 6. c