高二英语第九单元 Saving the Earth (拯救地球)_高二英语教案

科目
年级 高二
文件　high2 unit9.1.doc
标题 saving the earth (拯救地球)
章节 第九单元
关键词 高二第九单元
内容 　　　
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
同学们，你们读过美国海洋生物学家莱切尔•卡逊的著作《寂静的春天》（1962年）吗 ？书中为我们描述的一个明天的寓言。从前，在美国的中部有这样一个城镇，那里的一切同其周围的环境看来相处得非常和谐：它坐落在像棋盘般排列整齐的繁荣的农场的中央，周围是庄稼地，小山下果树成林。春天，繁花点缀在绿色的原野上；秋天，透过松林的屏风，橡树、枫树和白桦树散射出火焰般的彩色光辉；冬天，道路两旁也是美丽的，无数的小鸟飞来，洁净而清凉的小溪从山中流出，形成了生活着鳟鱼的绿荫池塘。
小镇一直是这个样，直到许多年前的一天，第一批居民来到这里修建房屋，挖井筑仓，情况才发生了变化。从那时起，一个奇怪的阴影就笼罩了这个地区，一切都发生了变化，不祥的征兆降临到村落里：神秘莫测的疾病袭击了成群的小鸡，牛羊纷纷病倒和死亡，到处是死神的幽灵。农夫们诉说着他们多病的家庭，医生们则为病人中出现的新病感到困惑不解。
一种奇怪的寂静笼罩了这个地方。园中觅食的鸟儿不见了，曾经荡漾着乌鸦、鸽子、鹪鹩的合唱以及其它鸟鸣的声浪的早晨，现在一切声音都没有了，只有一片寂静覆盖着田野、树林和沼地。曾经是多么吸引人的小路的两旁，现在排列着仿佛是火灾浩劫后的焦黄的枯萎的植物。甚至小溪也失去了生命，因为所有的鱼已经死亡。这里已被生命所抛弃，留下来的只是一个寂静的春天，无声无息……
卡逊大胆地预言：“在人们的忽视中，一个狼狈狰狞的幽灵已向我们袭来，这个现象中的悲剧可能会很容易地变成一个我们大家都将知道的活生生的现实。”30 多年过去了，卡逊“明天的寓言”却不幸成为了今天的现实：以环污染、资源枯竭、能源危机、粮食短缺、人口爆炸、多样性丧失以及技术危机等为表现形式的生态危机，这一切都在不断加剧，使人类的生存和发展陷入了严峻的困境之中。人类在合理性地维系自身的生存和发展的同时，有陷入了理性和意志的无限扩张所铸就的“铁笼”之中，人与自然关系的严重矛盾和冲突已经达到一个令人深以为忧的危险之界。
《吕氏春秋》中有：“竭泽而渔，岂不获得？而明年无鱼；焚而田，岂不获得？而明年无兽。”这些话是我们祖先维护自身生存和发展的基本价值观念和行动规范，体现了人类在环境保护和资源利用方面的一种朴素的、自觉的理性，代表了人类可持续发展观念的源起。
《只有一个地球》的前言中指出：“毫无疑问，当前大多数的环境问题，都是来自人类对生态的错误行动。……我们把征服自然看作是人类的进步，这就意味着常因我们的错误认识而破坏了自然界。尽管作为物种之一的人类，在破坏和污染了自然界之后仍能生存下去，但是在这样污秽的环境里，人类还能长期保持他的尊严吗？”
因此，通过本单元的学习，同学们要深刻认识到爱护人类共同享有的圈的重要性，充分了解环境污染的危害性和保护环境的重要性。
另外，通过学习语法中的过去分词作表语和定语，可以更好地表达自己的思想，形象地描绘事物的景象。如：he was tired . (他累得精疲力竭。) 这里的 tired 就是过去分词作表语，说明主语的状态。
【指点迷津】
a. 大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
agreement & supposition (同意与推测)
同意和不同意是肯定和否定的另一种形式，但表达的不是某个事实的正确与否，而是对它的判断和意见。中表示同意时尽可采用热情而强烈的口气，都不会过分。但如果对一令人不愉快的意见表示同意时，可能加上一些表示遗憾之类的词语更为合适。
对某件事的真实性是否有把握，可以用委婉的语气进行推测。
● 同意和推测功能套语 30 句
1. it is a good idea to do … 干……是个好注意
2. i agree to your plan .
3. that\'s quite true .
4. that\'s what i was thinking .
5. you are probably right .
6. i couldn\'t agree more . 我完全同意。
7. i can\'t help thinking the same . = i think exactly the same . 我就是这么想的。
8. i agree completely / entirely / thoroughly / strongly . 我完全同意。
9. that\'s exactly my own opinion . = i\'m of exactly the same opinion . 我持完全相同的意见。
10. i don\'t think anyone would disagree . 我想没有人会不同意。
11. if we go on polluting the world , it won\'t be fit for us to live in .
12. he must be 25 . 他一定 25 岁了。
13. he can\'t be 30 years old . 他不可能 30 岁了。
14. i think / suppose / guess he must come from a poor family .
15. obviously / as a result , she lives in the lonely house . 很明显她住在偏僻的房子里。
16. if he left at eight , he would have arrived by now . 如果他 8 点动身，现在就该到了。
17. i am pretty sure that the lady was disappointed .
18. it seems clear to me that we are getting lazy in our old age . 人老了渐渐地懒惰起来，这一点在我看来很清楚。
19. don\'t you think she\'s a bright student ? 你不认为她是个聪明的吗 ？
20. you\'d agree with me , wouldn\'t you ? 你同意我的看法，不是吗 ？
21. i wonder if you would agree with me .
22. so do i . 我也一样。
23. i think / suppose so . 我想是这样的。
24. i agree with much of what you said , but things are not so easy .
25. certainly . = sure . = no problem . 没问题。
● model dialogues 交际示范
a：which is more difficult , science or english ?
b：science , i think .
a：i quite agree with you . i also think science is as interesting as english .
b：no , i can\'t really agree with you . in my opinion , science is more interesting while english is less difficult .
a：maybe you are right . but you can\'t drop science because it\'s very important .
b：no , i won\'t .
b. 单元重点新词透视
1.damage 作不可数名词或者动词是“毁坏，损害，损失”
smoking can bring damage to your health . 吸烟会损害你的健康。
the fire has badly damaged the building . 大火严重地烧毁了这座楼房。
测试要点：
(1) cause / do damage to sth 给某物造成损失，damage 的前面可以加表达程度的形容词 great , much , serious , heavy , bad , a lot of , a great deal of , slight , little ，注意不用 small 。
the storm did much damage to the crop . 暴风雨对农作物造成许多损害。
no damage was done to the ship . 船没有受到损害。
he did a lot of damage to the team . 他做了许多有损于该队的事。
(2) damage 作可数名词是“赔款，赔偿费”。
the insurance company has paid us damages . 保险公司已经把赔款付给了我们。
对比：the insurance company has paid for the damage . 保险公司已经赔偿了损失。
(3) damage 含对某物的部分损坏，有时用于借喻中。
do away with the bad habits that might damage yourself . 去掉那些有损你形象的坏习惯吧。
2. fit 作形容词是“适合的，能胜任的”。作动词是“使适合，合身，相配，吻合，安装”。作名词是“合身得体的衣服”。
she is not fit to look after the old . 她不适合照看老年人。
（正）this pair of shoes fits me well / perfectly . 这双鞋我穿着很合适。
（误）this pair of shoes fits for me well / perfectly .
（正）this pair of shoes fits well / perfectly . 这双鞋很合适。
this coat is a good fit . 这件大衣很合身。
will you please help me fit a new door ? 你能帮我装个新门吗
测试要点：
(1) be fit for + 名词是 “适合……”。be unfit for + 名词是“不适合……”。
my niece is just the girl , who is fit for this job . = my niece is just the girl , who is fit to do this job .
her son is unfit for the position , isn\'t he ? 她的儿子不胜任那个职务，是吗 ？
(2) fit 作表语时其后的不定式用主动形式代表被动形式。作形容词还表达“健康的，身体好的”。
（误）this kind of food isn\'t fit to eat . 这种食物不能吃。
（正）this kind of food isn\'t fit to be eaten .
i hope you are keeping fit . 我希望你保持健康的体魄。
keep fit and study hard . 注意身体，好好学习。
(3) fit 指大小、形状的合适，引申为吻合、协调。suit 指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位，以及花色、款式等与某人的皮肤、气质、身材或身份相称。match 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等的搭配。
this new jacket fits her well . 这件夹克很合她的身。
对比：this new jacket suits her beautifully . 这件夹她穿着真漂亮。
that colour suits you best .
try the new key and see if it fits the keyhole .
does this time suit you ?
no dish suits all tastes .
当表示“使……适合”的意思时，fit 常与 for 连用；suit 常与 to 连用。
his experience fits him for the job .
he suited his speech to his audience . 他使自己的演讲适合于听众。
the people\'s great hall and the historical museum match the tian an men beautifully . 人民大会堂和博物馆把天安门陪衬得极为美丽。
3. area 面积，地区，区域。可以指任何一个地区。
there are various kinds of wild animals in this area .在这个地区有各种各样的野生动物。
his farm covers a large area .
some areas of the town is very dirty .
a desert area 沙漠区， an occupied area 被占领区，an earthquake-stricken area 地震灾区
测试要点：
(1) have / cover an area of 占地……
this park covers an area of 1,000 mu .
(2) in area 从面积上讲
china is the largest country in asia in area .
(3) with an area of 拥有……的面积
our school is one with an area of 500 mu .
china is a country with an area of 9．6 million square kilometres . 中国领土面积达 960 万平方公里。
(4) 区别 area , region , district
area 作“地区”指整体中较大的、界限不很分明的一部分，不是行政上的单位。
region 指具有更大的区域的固定边界，是指行政管理区。
district 指特别划定的具有特别意义并隶属管辖的地区。
it is easy to find the area of the city where the wealthiest families live . 很容易找到城市中最富有的家庭居住的地区。
the area surrounding the north pole is called the arctic region . 北极周围的地区称为北极区。
this country has nine autonomous regions . 这个国家分为九个自治区。
the busiest shopping district in beijing is around wangfujing street .
have you ever been to the district of columbia ?
4. cattle 牛（总称）；家畜。
he has 5 ( head of ) cattle on the farm . 他在农场有 5 头牛。
cattle feed on grass . 牛以草为食。
测试要点：
cattle 是具有生命意义的集体名词，表复数时其后不要加 -s 。类似的还有：folk 人们，people 人们，人民，police 警察，poultry 家禽，force 人员.
the cattle are running along the hillside .
the police are after the thieves .
only the people are the greatest .
5. living 活着的，现存的
they didn\'t find any living things on the moon , did they ?
he is believed to be one of the best living novelists . 他被认为是当今最优秀的小说家之一。
测试要点：区别 living , alive , live , life ,
● alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives
这四个词都有“活着”之意，它们的用法各不相同。
1. alive [[\'laiv] 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：
the badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
he is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然还活着。
no man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。(注：此时 alive 含有“在所有活着的……之中”)
he wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。
living 意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：
comrade wang is really a living lei feng in our country .
my first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙仍健在。
english is a living language . 的活的语言。
a living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
he is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被认为是当代活着的最好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如：
the living must finish the work of those dead . 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。
living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。
live [laiv]“活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：
a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。
do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜欢直播还是录音 。
he said he had seen a live whale . 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。
make a / one\'s living by + ing 通过干……谋生
lively [\'laivli] 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。
everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。
he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一种奇特的方法，使他的课生动有趣。
life 是名词作生命可数，作生活不可数。其复数是 lives 。类似把 fe 变为 -ves 的还有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
i prefer country life to city life .
these children are full of life . 这些孩子充满火力。
many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one\'s life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one\'s life 在……的一生中，come back to life 苏醒过来，live / lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活。
用 alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 填空：
1) both plants and animals are _____ things .
2) who is the greatest man ______ ?
3) they were ______ and as happy as ever .
4) millions of people hunt and fish for a _______ .
5) his lessons are ______ and interesting .
6) many soldiers gave their for the liberation of china .
7) after a long time , he came back to .
8) in the animal world the strong while the weak die .
9) we are sorry that they are still a bitter today .
10) more attention should be paid to the people\'s standard .
答案：1. living 2. alive 3. lively 4. living 5. lively 6. lives 7. life 8.live 9. living , life 10. living
c. 单元重点词组扫瞄
lesson 33
1. what was the conference like ?
相当于：what did you think of the conference ? / how do you like the conference ? / what\'s your opinion of the conference ?
2. cause / do damage to 给……造成损失或者破坏
the earthquake caused great damage to the city .
3. be fit for sb to do 适合某人干……
this house is fit for us to live in .
4. do something about 对……采取措施
you ought to do something about your child\'s injury .
5. think of ways of doing 千方百计地干……
they think of ways of prevent factories from polluting this town .
(6) hear about / of 听说
how did you hear about our products ? 你是怎么知道我们的产品的 /
i\'ve been hearing quite a lot about him lately . 最近，我们一直听人提起他。
(7) pay special attention to 特别注意……
it\'s a good idea to pay special attention to keeping fit . 特别注意锻炼身体是个好注意。
(8) have large families 有很多人口的家庭
lesson 34
1. cause … to … 引起……
pollution has caused much damage to our earth . the causes of damage are obvious . 污染已经对我们的地球产生巨大的损害。损害的原因是不言而喻的。
2. have a large population 人口众多
this city has a population of more than 1.3 million .
many parts of the world once had large populations . 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多。
3. in the heart of 在 …… 的中心
dunhuang in china is deep in the heart of the gebi desert .
中国的敦煌在戈壁滩的腹地。
that hotel stands in the very heart of guangzhou .
4. fail to do sth 未能……
the main speaker failed to come because of bad weather .
5. limit the numbers of 限制……的数量
one suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle . 有人提出的解决办法是让农民限制他们饲养畜牧的头数。
the numbers of cars in our city must be limited . 我市的汽车辆数必须加以限制。
注意区别：the numbers of ……的总数，the number of ……的数目
6. in place 在适当的位置，在原来的地方
nothing is in place after the earthquake .
i hope you\'ll keep the books in place .
are all the engineers in their places ? 所有的工程师都就座了吗 ？
7. wash down 被雨水等冲走
so when it rains , the soil is washed down the hills and into the river .
great quantities of soil were washed down the hillside by the storm .
8. blow away 刮走，吹走
the wind blew away the clouds . 风吹散了乌云。
the wind blew away the clothes that were hanging on the line .
9. time and time again = time after time , time and again , again and again 多次，不断地
time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air .
the doctor told him time and time again to give up smoking .
10. a cloud of 一团……的
a cloud of radiation crossed the whole of europe . 一团带有辐射的尘埃穿越了整个欧洲。
11. as a result of … 由于……的结果
it\'s said that 125,000 people died in russia as a result of illnesses caused bhy this accident .
12. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的
hundreds of thousands of people were injured , many of the injured lost their sight .
hundreds of thousands of people were listening to the speak in the square .
13. lose one\'s sight 伤失视力
the poor man lost his sight when he was 30 years old .
14. be present in / at 出现在6
only 12 villagers were present last time .
15. pour into 大量流入
a crowd of football fans poured into the ground as soon as the gates were opened .
when i opened the window , bright sunlight poured into the room .
lesson 35
1. five to ten million kinds 五百万到一千万
2. die out 消亡，消失，灭绝
elephants would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished . 如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象就会绝种。
many old customs are gradually dying out .
the strong wind is dying out .
as is known to us all , many animals have already died out .
3. an average of 平均是……
an average of 13 people were killed or injured in the traffic accidents .
the new car factory will produce an average 200,000 cars each year .
the average age of the girls in our class is 22 .
4. play a part in 在……起作用。play an important part in 在……起重要作用。
women are playing an important part in our socialst construction . 妇女在社会主义建设中正发挥着重要作用。
electricity plays an important part / role in our daily life .
the part that women have played is great .
we must make the young play their parts to the full .
5. a cause of death 死亡原因
6. in danger 处于危险境地
you are in danger of being killed .
we are worried about the country , which is in danger of war .
the workers in danger must be rescued without delay . 必须立即挽救那些处于危险中的工人们。
注意：out of danger 脱离危险，摆脱危险。be dangerous 危险的。
7. three types of tiger living in china 生存在中国的三种老虎
8. a total of 总额，总量，总数有
a total of 160 people died in the earthquake .
this company has a total of 30 workers .
9. go on an organized trip to + 地点“去……团体旅行”
10. fill in 填写
please fill in the blanks here with your name and address .
his discovery filled in the gaps in the fields of science and technology .
11. be interested to do 干……很感兴趣
12. be busy (in) doing 忙于干……
we are busy going over our lessons .
13. take photographs / photos / pictures + of 拍摄……的照片
14. to one\'s joy 使某人高兴的是。to one\'s great joy = to the great joy of sb = much to one\'s great joy
to the great joy of my friends , i have won the first .
15. in good condition 完好无损，健康良好，保养得好
he has been in good condition .
how can we keep the water in good condition in our village ?
注意：out of condition 身体不适
i can\'t go swimming today . i\'m out of condition .
二、学海荡舟
【学法指要】
单元易错用的熟词释疑
● population 能用复数吗？
在 lesson 34 课文第一段中有这样一句：many parts of the world , which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops , have become deserts . 这里的 population 为什么使用复数？
【释疑】
◆ population 多用单数，指某国家或地区的人口。如果用复数，指世界不同地区的人口。例如：
many parts of the world , which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops , have become deserts . 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多，五谷丰登，而今却成了沙漠。
according to the latest census , china\'s population has increased . 根据最近的调查，中国的人口增加了。
◆ population 直接作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式指住在某地区的全体居民，为不可数名词，但前面有 some , most 特别是分数或者百分数时，谓语动词常用复数。例如：
the population in these villages has to get its water from wells . 住在这个村子里的人必须自井中汲水。
the population of the city rose by 20% . 这个城市的人口增长了 20 % 。
most of the population in this city are workers . 这个城市大多数人是工人。
at present about 38% of the chinese population smoke . 目前中国大约有 38% 的人吸烟，
in india , however , the population of tigers has increased , from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989 .
然而，在印度，老虎的数量增加了 ， 1972 年只有2，000 只，1989年增加到了大约5，000 只。
in the south most of the population live on rice . 在南方，绝大多数人以大米为食。
◆ 问“人口多少”用 ：what 或者 how large 。不用 how many 和 how much 等词。说人口多用 large或者 great , 说人口少用small 。例如：
?what\'s the population of china ? 中国的人口是多少 ？
?china has a large population . 中国人口众多。
the population of japan is smaller than that of us . 日本的人口比美国的少。（注意对比中的 that 不要省略）
the population of beijing is larger / greater than that of xi\'an . 北京的人口比西安的多。
do you know what the population of africa is ? = do you know how large / great the population of africa is ? 你知道非洲的人口是多少吗 ？
that country has a small population . 那个国家人口稀少。
what\'s the population of the world ? 全世界有多少人口 ？
this village has a population of about 1,500 .
◆ 在表达某地有多少人口时可以用：
地点 + has a population of + 数词 （+ people ）
the population of + 某地 + be + 数词 。
地点 + with a population of + 数词
那个国家有 5，000 万人口。
china has a population of 1,2 billion . 中国有 12 亿人口。
that country has a population of fifty million ( people ) .
the population of that country is fifty million .
the country is one with a population of fifty million people .
◆ 当 population 表示抽象意义时，不加冠词。例如：
since 1949 , the people\'s living standard has been raised , causing a big rise in population . 自从 1949 年以来，在中国，人民的生活水平得到了提高，导致人口有了很大增加。
● appear ，seem ，look “看来像”吗 ？
appear , seem , look 看来很相似，均有“好象，看起来象”之意，在使用时应从以下几方面：
一、含义上的差异
appear 是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的，但实质上并不一定如此；seem是表示说话人主观上的判断，暗含有一定的根据，往往接近事实的判断；look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断，实质上也可能如此。例如：
he has a small salary but he appears rich . 他工资很低却显得很富。(其实并非如此)
he seems rich . (i think he is rich .) 他看起来很富有。(根据个人的主观判断而推断出)
he looks rich . 他很是富有。(从他花钱办事的言行中可出感觉出)
二、用法上的差异
1. appear，look，seem 后均可带名词、形容语、to be 结构。
he appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 看来他是一个诚实的人。
he appeared (to be) sad when he heard the bad news . 当他听到这个坏消息时，似乎很悲伤。
注：在接 to be 结构时，to be常常被省略。例如：
the flowers seem (to be) more beautiful at this time . 此时，花儿好象更漂亮。
2. look 可用于进行时，而 seem , appear 一般不能。如：
you\'re looking quite a different person . 你现在的样子完全是另一个人了。
3. appear 和 seem 之后可接动词不定式的各种形式，而 look 之后除了能接to be 结构外，不接其它动词不定式形式。
he appeared to be proud of himself . 他好象为自己而骄傲。
she doesn\'t seem to have been to beijing . 她好象没有去过北京。
he looks to be the best person for the job . 他看来是做这项工作最合适的人。
4. look , seem 能与介词 like 构成习语，意思是“看上去象”，而 appear 却不能。例如：
it seems like years since i last saw you . 自从上次见到你后，好象很久没有见到你了。
the new building looks like a hospital . 这座新建筑物看起来象一座医院。
5. seem , look 后均可接 as if , as though 引导的表语从句，若表示不能实现的事实，则用虚拟语气，而 appear 则不能。例如：
it seemed / looked as if it was going to rain . 看起来天快要下雨了。
it seems as if he were to start at once . 看来好象他马上就要动身。
6. appear 和seem 均可接 that 引导的从句，而 look 不能。
it seems / appears that the book is too difficult for us . 这本书好象对我们来说太难了。
it seems that john will win the race . 好象约翰能跑第一。
7. appear 和 seem 可用于there be 结构中，而 look 不能。如：there appeared / seemed nothing to be done . 大家似乎觉得没有办法了。
there appears to have been an accident . 好象出了一次事故。
● do with 与 deal with 用法辨析
do with 与 deal with 都可作“处置”讲的。do with 常与连接代词 what 连用，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用，如：
1 . i don\'t know how they deal with the problem . (= i don\'t know what they do with the problem . )我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
2 . he is easy to deal with . (= he is easy to do with . 这时“do”是不及物动词)他是容易相处的人。这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。一般地说，do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等。如：
1 . they found a way to do with the elephant . 他们找到对付那头大象的办法了。
2 . we can\'t do with such carelessness . 我们不能容忍这种粗枝大叶的作风。
3 . we are difficult to do with the new comer . 我们很难与新来的那个人相处。
4 . i have nothing to do with him . 我跟他无任何关系。
deal with 意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。如：
1 . they could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰当地应付各种局面。
2 . deal with a man as he deals with you . 以其人之道，还治其人之身。
3 . this is a book dealing with asian problems . 这是一本论述亚洲问题的书。
4 . they have learned to deal with various persons . 他们学会了和各种人打交道。
● more 的左邻右舍
含 more 的短语形式五花八门，常令人混淆不清。下面把它分解为左邻(即左边加词语)，右舍(右边加词语)和左右逢源(即左右两边加词语)三种情况。
1. 左邻
◇ all the more 越发，更加。如：
she loves him all the more for his poverty . 她因他的贫困反而越发爱他了。
◇ no more 不再，如：
i saw her no more after that . 那以后我不再见到她了。
◇ (not)…any more 再。如：
i shall not do that any more . 我再不做那种事了。
◇ or more 或者更多。如：
ten people or more were killed in the accident . 在这次车祸中死了十个人或者更多。
◇ once more 再一次(= once again) 。 如：
please say that word once more . 请把那个单词再说一遍。
◇ many more 多得多的，常用于修饰复数名词。如：
the first truck carries many more apples than the second one . 第一辆卡车运的苹果比第二辆运的多得多。
◇ much more 多得多的，修饰不可数名词；多得多(……得多)，修饰多音节形容词或副词的比较级。如：
there is much more water in this glass than in that one . 这个玻璃杯的水比那个玻璃杯的水多得多。
his illness was much more serious than we first thought . 他的病比我们最初想象的要严重得多。
◇ (and) what is more 而且，加之，常用作插入语。如：
tom is a good husband to his wife and , what is more , a good father to his children . 汤姆是一个好丈夫，而且还是个好爸爸。
◇ the more…the more… 越 …… 越 …… 。如：
the more learned a man is , the more modest he usually is . 一个人越是有学问，就往往越是谦虚。
◇ the more…the less… 越…… 越不…… 。如：
the more you learn , the less you will feel you know . 你越学就越感到自己学识不够。
2. 右舍
◇ more and more 越来越多的，修饰复数名词或不可数名词；越来越……，修饰多音节形容词或副词比较级。如：
more and more people are going abroad to study . 越来越多的人出国留学。
beijing is getting more and more beautiful . 北京变得越来越美丽了。
◇ more or less 或多或少，差不多。如：
the crops will feel the effect of the drought more or less according to the quality of the soil . 作物按照土壤的性质，或多或少会受到旱灾的影响。
◇ more than 多于，大于，不只是。如：
china daily is more than a newspaper . 中国日报不只是一种报纸。
the tv set is made up of more than one hundred different parts . 电视机是由一百多个不同的部件组成的。
◇ more than one 不止一个 。 如：
more than one person made the suggestion . 不止一个人提出那个建议。
◇ more than once 不止一次。如：
i found him smoking and drinking more than once . 我不止一次地发现他抽烟、喝酒。
3. 左右逢源
◇ no more…than… 不是……如同……是……一样(二者都不……)。如：
i am no more mad than you are . 你没有疯，我也没有疯。
◇ no more than 不过，仅仅。如：
we had walked no more than ten miles when night closed in again . 我们走了不过十英里，天就又黑了。
◇ not more than 不多于，至多。如：
there are not more than five people in the office . 办公室里的人不超过五个。
◇ not more…than 不比……更…… 。如：
he is not more a statesman than a politician . 与其说他是个家，倒不如说他是个政客。
●话说 marry
1 . 表示“结婚”行为
marry 作形为动词时要注意下面几点：
1) 不可与“for + 一段时间”的完成时态连用。如：
误：he has married for a year . 他结婚已经一年。
正：he married (got married) a year ago .
正：it is a year since he married (got married) .
正：he has been married for a year .
2) 表示“同某人结婚”时不可与介词 with 或 to 连用。但可用 be (get) married to sb . ，如：
误：he married with (to) mary last year . 他是去年同玛丽结婚的。
正：he married mary last year .
正：he got married to mary last year .
3) 表示“嫁给某人或娶某人”要用 marry sb . ，如：
mathild married pier . 玛蒂尔德嫁给了皮埃尔。
who(m) did the handsome boy marry at last ? 那英俊小伙子最后娶了谁为妻呢 ?
2. 表示“结婚”状态
marry 表示状态时要注意两点：
1) 作不及物动词后面直接加副词表示婚姻状况。如：
jean married very well . 珍妮喜结良缘。
all of their daughters married badly . 他们的女儿婚姻都很不幸。
2) 用 be married 表示婚姻状况。如：
?are you married ? 你结婚了吗 ?
?yes , i am . 是的，结婚了。
how long have you been married ? 你结婚多久了 ?
3. 表示“嫁出”、“证婚”
marry 还有两个特殊意义，其主语与宾语的关系不是婚姻关系。要注意：
1) marry sb . 表示“嫁出……或使娶……”，后可接 to sb . ，如：
the greedy couple married their daughter to a cruel-hearted millionaire . 那对贪婪的夫妇把他们的女儿嫁给了一个狠心的百分富翁。
they decided to marry off all their daughters and sons before going abroad . 他们决定让他们所有的儿女都成了家之后再出国。
2) marry sb . 表示“为某人证婚”。如：
will you marry me and my husband ? 你愿意为我和我丈夫证婚吗 ?
● entire、whole、total、complete 辨析
entire、whole、total、complete 这组词作为形容词都是指“全部的，完整的”，即丝毫没有失去、损坏或省略的(事物) 。
entire 与 whole 在许多情况下可以通用。例如：
the people\'s government has the support of the entire(whole) population . 人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用来强调某事物的完整性，即没有任何部分被忽略或舍去叮当于 every part. 在日常语言中，whole 远比 entire 用得多。例如：
one day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on tv . (也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在进行和平进军的时候，警察使用了警棍，这个情景全国的电视上都看到了。
entire 可以修饰抽象名词，whole 则不能。如：
this would destroy the entire peace of the middle east .
这将会破坏整个中东和平。
total 与上面两词的主要不同在于它有较强烈的计算意味，强调总量，意为“全部的”，“总计的”，实际上就是对现存的 whole 的大小作精确的估计。如：
by the end of the year , the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars , all of which were sent to africa .
到年底为止，筹集到的全部款项达到9200多万美元。所有这些钱全部送往非洲了。
complete 强调所有需要的或正确的部分都存在。
相比之下，它的意思是完成了的或完善的，指所有指标的兑现或目的的实现。如：
the work is now complete ; we can have a holiday .
工作现在完成了；我们可以去度假了。
the total number of tourists chosen so far is forty-eight , but the tourist party is not yet complete .
到目前为止挑选的旅游者的总数是48人，可是这旅游团还未满员。
综上所述，除 whole 以外，当描写毫无例外和毫无保留的包罗全体的抽象概念时，其他三词都可换用。如：
i have entire (or total or complete) control of the project .
我对这项工程有完全的控制权。
【妙文赏析】
what\'s the main purpose of james an coaching college ?
quite simply , we are here to help students with:
● h.s.c. exams : years 11 and 12
● selective school test : year 5 to year 10
● independent school scholarship exams : year 6
● opportunity class test : years 3 and 4
● school certificate test : year 10
the college provides expert tuition for students wishing to gain the highest possible marks in all examinations from year 1 to year 12 .
we also help students :
● excel in all subjects
● have a head start
● get motivated to succeed in their studies “education = success”
● increase their self-confidence
through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions .
the teachers
● highly qualified teachers from selective schools and independent schools .
● james an : principal and coauther of “maths tests for selective schools and scholarship examinations”and other books
● other textbook authors
our teachers set high goals for themselves as well as for their students .
courses and subjects
h.s.c. course / year 11 & 12
subjects : maths 2, 3, 4, units: english , physics , chemistry
school certificate course / year 9 & 10
subjects : english , maths , science
junior high course ; year 7 & 8
subjects : english , maths ,science
selective school / scholarship course ; year 5 & 6
subjects : english , maths , general ability , creative writing
opportunity class ( o.c. ) course;
year 3 & 4
subjects : english , maths , general ability
years 1& 2
sbujects : maths , english
holiday revision course
special holiday revision courses are offered during each vacation .
who can benefit from james an coaching college ?
students of all abilities !
we have helped thousands of students achieve results beyond their wiidest dreams in the h.s.c. and selective school / scholarship tests .
we\'d love to do the same for you . all serious students will excel in their studies .
请同学们以阅读的特定为依据，从下列各题的a、b、c、d 中选出最佳答案。
1. if you are a student of year 7 , what subjects can you take ?
a. english , maths , science and creative writing
b. maths and physics
c. maths , english , physics and chemistry
d. english , maths and science
2. the test for students of year 12 is .
a. h.s.c. exams
b. opportunity class test
c. independent school scholarship exams
d. school certificate test
3. students are taught to perform well under examination conditions through teaching .
a. special holiday revision courses b. face-to-face
c. self-confidence d. all subjects
4. can benefit from james an coaching college .
a. students of all abilities
b. thousands of students
c. students from european countries
d. students who want to go abroad
【赏析】此题要求阅读者快速阅读，找出文章中直接提供的特定细节。一般说来，这类题是对文章表层发问的客观题，答案均可以在文章中找到。不过，这些问题的表达常常不用文章中的原话，而是使用同义的词语来进行设问。做题时首先要看清问题，然后快速扫描文章中的相应部分，找出与答题有关的关键词，在细读一遍，从而确定正确答案。
1. 选 d。抓住问题中的关键词 year 7 , 立即可知它属于courses and subjects 部分 junior high course , 从中可直接找出答案。
2. 选 a。可以从what is the main purpose of james an coaching college 中直接找到答案。
3. 选b。文章中有这样一句是解题的依据：through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions 。
4. 选a。从 courses and subjects 部分who can benefit from james an coaching college ？中可以直接找到答案。
【思维体操】
　
● thomas edison
thomas edison was a giant among inventors . he patented (获专利权) over 1 ,000 inventions , including . the record player , moving picture and the first practical electric light . largely home taught , edison only went to school for three months. but at 17 he invented the telegraph system (系统) . this allowed four dot - dash messages to be sent down a wire at the same time , speeding up telegraph service greatly .
though he made great achievements , he still worked up to 20 hours a day . in 1879 , he discovered that if electric current (电流) is passed through a thin thread of carbon (碳) in a glass vacuum (真空) , it becomes white hot , giving off a brilliant light . then , for use of this electric light , he developed a complete electrical distribution system (配电系统) . in 1880 , he formed the edison electric light company . in 1882 , he built the pearl street plant , and new york became the first city lit by electricity .
1 . according to the passage , which of the following is true ?
a . of all the inventors , edison patented the most inventions .
b . he invented 1 , 000 things except the record player .
c . he invented moving pictures at the age of 17 .
d . he made greater achievements than any other scientists in the world .
2 . edison received his schooling ____ .
a . mainly from school b . mainly from his teachers
c . largely from his parents d . largely from his work
3 . his invention of the telegraph system made the telegraph services ____ .
a . much easier b . more expensive
c . more difficult d . much quicker
4 . his discovery in 1879 led to ____ .
a . electric current through a thin thread
b . a bright light seen in a glass vacuum
c . the invention of his first practical electric light
d . the invention of electricity
5 . before 1882 , _____ .
a . the world had been lit by electricity
b . new york had been already lit by electricity
c . no cities in the world had been lit by electricity
d . no cities except new york had been lit by electricity
● thomas edison
thomas edison was awarded (授予) more patents on inventions than any other americans . when he died in 1931 , americans wondered hos they could best show their respect for him .
one suggestion was the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout (断电) . all electric power would be shut off in homes , streets and factories . perhaps this suggested plan made americans realize fully what edison and his inventions meant to them . electric power was too important to the country . shutting it off for even a short time would have led to troubles . so a blackout was actually impossible .
on the day of edison\'s funeral (葬礼) , many people silently put out some of their lights . in this way , they honoured the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen\'s fingertips .
6 . this passage tells us that thomas edison ____ .
a . was the only important american inventor
b . received the first american patent
c . received the most patents in the u . s . a .
d . was the first american inventor
7 . people decided to honour edison when ____ .
a . he made the first electric light
b . electric power came into use
c . the country realized how important electric power was
d . he died in 1931
8 . the suggested plan was to _____ .
a . turn off the lights everywhere
b . shut off all electricity for a short time
c . make homes , schools and factories all dark
d . observe a few minutes of total silence
9 . the plan was never carried out because ____ .
a . electric power was of great importance to the country for every minute
b . it meant honouring only one of edison\'s inventions
c . the plan itself was difficult to carry out
d . some americans would not get themselves into trouble
10 . this passage was probably written to ____ .
a . tell people about edison\'s inventions
b . explain what electricity was
c . prove that people wished to honour edison
d . show that a great man edison was
● thomas jefferson
in 1801 , thomas jefferson became president of the united states , which then included sixteen states that lay east of the mississippi river . france controlled the large area in the centre of the continent , which was known as the louisiana territory (领土) , and the land west of the rocky mountains was primarily under spanish control . control of the northwest was disputed (争议) by england , russia , spain , and the united states . jefferson , a leader with foresight (远见卓识) , believed that it would do good to the united states to own the rich land . in addition , the port cities at the mouth of the mississippi river were controlled by france . jefferson regarded this as possible danger to the u . s . economy (经济) and to national safety , so he went to napoleon with an offer to buy the land .
napoleon agreed to sell the land for 15 million , which ended up just a few cents an acre (英亩) . he decided to give up his holdings in america , which he had just won from spain , so that he could raise money to conquer all of europe .
11 . thomas jefferson bought the land for ____ reasons .
a . 1 b . 2 c . 3 d . 4
12 . from the passage we know that the louisiana territory _____ .
a . was under spanish control
b . was the land east of the mississippi river
c . lay west of the rocky mountains
d . formed the western part of the mississippi valley
13 . what is untrue according to the passage ?
a . the land was rich .
b . the land was first controlled by spain .
c . thomas jefferson was the president of the 18th century .
d . napoleon sold the land very cheaply .
14 . why did napoleon agree to sell the land ?
a . because the land was very poor .
b . because it was an act of friendship .
c . because he wanted to get america\'s support .
d . because he had the ambition (野心) for europe .
15 . what is the title for the passage ?
a . thomas jefferson\'s foresight
b . the form of the u . s . a .
c . the louisiana purchase (购买)
d . the louisiana territory
● thomas jefferson
thomas jefferson wrote the declaration of independence and was the third president of the united states . he was also a great architect (建筑师) . monticello is the home that thomas jefferson built . monticello means “little mountain” in italian . jefferson started building the mansion (宅第) on a hill near charlotteville, virginia , in 1770 . it is considered one of the best examples of the american classic (古典) revival (复兴) style of architecture .
the building materials ?stone , brick , lumber , and nails were all prepared on the land where monticello stands . jefferson moved into the home with his bride (新娘) in 1772 and continued on the house for many years . monticello was his home for fifty - six years .
the mansion was later bought by uriah levy and given to the people of the united states as a gift . today , monticello is a national shrine (圣地) that is open to the public .
16 . jefferson was the author of ____ .
a . many books on architecture
b . the consitution (宪法)
c . the american classic revival
d . the declaration of independence
17 . monticello was jefferson\'s home for ____ .
a . his whole life
b . 56 years
c . 65 years
d . summer months only
18 . jefferson was ____ .
a . the first president of the u . s .a
b. an italian president
c . the 3rd american president
d . the president of virginia
19 . jefferson moved into monticello in ____ .
a . 1756 b . 1770 c . 1772 d . 1776
20 . monticello was given as a gift to the american people by ____ .
a . the public b . thomas jefferson
c . uriah levy d . a national shrine
答案：1－5 acdcc 6－10 cdbad 11－15 bdcdc 16－20 dbccc
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
过去分词作定语和表语的测试要点
1. 过去分词作定语，多表示已经完成的动作。
the school built last year was flooded this summer . 去年建的那所学校今年夏天被洪水淹了。
i hope you will pay attention to the marked signs . 我希望你要注意那些有标记的牌子。
her job is to take care of the wounded soldiers . 她的工作是照料那些受伤的战士。
2. 单个的过去分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词的前面。如：
boiled water 开水。a frozen river 一条冻结着的河。a trained nurse 一名训练有素的护士。an experienced villager 一位经验丰富的村民。a used car 旧车。melted iron 熔化了的铁。mended clothes 补好的衣服。a well-written article 一篇写得不错的文章。man-made satellite 人造卫星。a retired worker 一名退休工人。a three-legged table 一张三条腿的桌子。a