英语中的代词(一)_CET词汇
代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。其中重点是:
1. 物主代词:本类代词又分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。这两类代词用法的最大区别是:形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质和作用,用于修饰名词;名词性物主代词具有名词性质和作用,本身就可以做主语、表语或宾语。换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词,而名词性物主代词后面不得加名词。
例:i don’t like my own bicycle, i like his.(我不喜欢我自己的自行车,我喜欢他的。)
these are not his belongings, they are mine.(这些不是他的财物,是我的。)
2. 关系代词:who,whose,whom,which,that,as,等。
1) which的用法
例:1993年6月四级第59题
helen was much kinder to her younger child than she was to the others,_______, of course, made the others jealous.
a) with b) that c) what d) which
which可以引导非限定性定语从句,代表前面整个句子的内容,并且在从句中做主语。因此,答案是d。再比如:he didn’t mean harm, which i realized. 他没有恶意,这点我意识到了。which在这里代表前面整个句子内容,在从句中做宾语。其它三个选项的关系代词都不能指代整个主句,所以都不是答案。
例:1998年6月四级第70题
the course normally attracts 20 students per year, _________ up to half will be from overseas.
a) in which b) for whom c) with which d) of whom
本题属于非限定性定语从句。句意指人,可先排除a,c两项。把该句非结成两个独立的句子:the course normally attract 20 students per year; up to half of them will be from overseas. 可以看出,half后应接of them, 所以答案d。
2) that的用法
可取代指人的who, whom和指物的which,分别在句中做主语和宾语。但在以下情况中只能用that,不用which, who等。
a) 在all, much, only, anything, everything, nothing, something之后
例:1990年1月四级第46题
all ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
a) what is needed b) for our needs
c) the thing neededd) that is needed
全句意思:“(全部)所需要的只是持续不断地供应基本的生活必需品”。all在句中作主语,常常后接that引出定于从句,表示“(全部)……只是……”。所以答案是d。
b) 先行部分有序数词
the first english novel that i read was a tale of two cities by charles dickens.
(我读的第一本小说是狄更斯的《双城记》。)
c) 先行部分有形容词最高级
例:he is the most deligent student that i have ever known.(他是我认识的中最勤奋的。)
d) 先行部分为time, moment, day, way等
例:1999年1月四级第57题
"you are very selfish. it’s high time you _____ that you are not the most important person in the world." edgar said to his boss angrily.
a. realized b. have realized c. realize d. should realize
这句话的意思是:“你真自私,你早该清醒了,你并不是世界上最重要的人物”埃德加愤怒地对老板说。答案是a。
e) 以it引起的强调句 例:1989年1月四级第42题
________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.
a) during the 1960’s b) it was in the 1960’s
c) that it was in the 1960’s d) it was the 1960’s
本题是一个强调句,四个选项中只有b) it was in the 1960’s能与之构成完整的强调句型,用以强调事情发生的时间in the 1960’s,it 在句中作形式主语。所以答案是b)。
f) 避免重复时
例:who is the man that is sitting by her side?(坐在她身边的那个人是谁?)
例:1989年1月四级第79题(完形填空)
however, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system quite different from _____ at home.
a) those b) which c) what d) that
从本题的句子结构来看,应填入一个替代名词system的代词。所以答案是d) that。虽然those也可代替名词,但替代的是复数名词。本句被替代的是system是单数名词,因此要用that。
注意:在以下情况中不能用that:
g) 在非限制性定语从句中
例:she has two brothers, who are both doctors. (她有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。)
h) 在介词后(但如果介词移到其它位置上,还是可以用that)
例:i am going to visit the old man from whom i once learned english.(我要去拜访一位曾经教过我的老人。)
3) as的用法
as用做关系代词时,类似who, which,常和such, same连用,并在固定句型中出现。
例:he was an englishman, as i knew from his accent.(他是个英国人,这是我从他的口音中得知的。)
my hometown is no longer the same as it was.(我
的家乡和过去不一样了。)
例:1997年1月四级第37题
as ____ announced in today’s papers, the shanghai export commodities fair is also open on sundays.
a) being b) is c) to be d) been
全句的意思是:“据今天的报纸宣布,上海出口商品博览会星期日也照常开放”。as可以引出一个从句,承接前面主句的内容或引出后续主句的内容。在本句中,as其主语作用。因此,答案是b) is。is和announced一起构成从句的谓语。而being announced,been announced,或to be announced不能在句中起谓语作用。
例:1997年6月四级第51题
studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ______ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction
a) as for b) in view of c) in case of d) such as
空格前的意思是:“研究表明,最能增强人们幸福感的东西不是用金钱能买到的”。空格后的意思:“愉快的家庭生活、友谊和工作的满足感”。从上下文看,下文的内容是上文中最主要东西的列举。所以,答案是d) such as,意为“例如、诸如、象……那样”。其它选项的意思是a) as for"至于、就……而言";b) in view of “鉴于,考虑到”;c) in case of“万一”。
1. 物主代词:本类代词又分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。这两类代词用法的最大区别是:形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质和作用,用于修饰名词;名词性物主代词具有名词性质和作用,本身就可以做主语、表语或宾语。换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词,而名词性物主代词后面不得加名词。
例:i don’t like my own bicycle, i like his.(我不喜欢我自己的自行车,我喜欢他的。)
these are not his belongings, they are mine.(这些不是他的财物,是我的。)
2. 关系代词:who,whose,whom,which,that,as,等。
1) which的用法
例:1993年6月四级第59题
helen was much kinder to her younger child than she was to the others,_______, of course, made the others jealous.
a) with b) that c) what d) which
which可以引导非限定性定语从句,代表前面整个句子的内容,并且在从句中做主语。因此,答案是d。再比如:he didn’t mean harm, which i realized. 他没有恶意,这点我意识到了。which在这里代表前面整个句子内容,在从句中做宾语。其它三个选项的关系代词都不能指代整个主句,所以都不是答案。
例:1998年6月四级第70题
the course normally attracts 20 students per year, _________ up to half will be from overseas.
a) in which b) for whom c) with which d) of whom
本题属于非限定性定语从句。句意指人,可先排除a,c两项。把该句非结成两个独立的句子:the course normally attract 20 students per year; up to half of them will be from overseas. 可以看出,half后应接of them, 所以答案d。
2) that的用法
可取代指人的who, whom和指物的which,分别在句中做主语和宾语。但在以下情况中只能用that,不用which, who等。
a) 在all, much, only, anything, everything, nothing, something之后
例:1990年1月四级第46题
all ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
a) what is needed b) for our needs
c) the thing neededd) that is needed
全句意思:“(全部)所需要的只是持续不断地供应基本的生活必需品”。all在句中作主语,常常后接that引出定于从句,表示“(全部)……只是……”。所以答案是d。
b) 先行部分有序数词
the first english novel that i read was a tale of two cities by charles dickens.
(我读的第一本小说是狄更斯的《双城记》。)
c) 先行部分有形容词最高级
例:he is the most deligent student that i have ever known.(他是我认识的中最勤奋的。)
d) 先行部分为time, moment, day, way等
例:1999年1月四级第57题
"you are very selfish. it’s high time you _____ that you are not the most important person in the world." edgar said to his boss angrily.
a. realized b. have realized c. realize d. should realize
这句话的意思是:“你真自私,你早该清醒了,你并不是世界上最重要的人物”埃德加愤怒地对老板说。答案是a。
e) 以it引起的强调句 例:1989年1月四级第42题
________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.
a) during the 1960’s b) it was in the 1960’s
c) that it was in the 1960’s d) it was the 1960’s
本题是一个强调句,四个选项中只有b) it was in the 1960’s能与之构成完整的强调句型,用以强调事情发生的时间in the 1960’s,it 在句中作形式主语。所以答案是b)。
f) 避免重复时
例:who is the man that is sitting by her side?(坐在她身边的那个人是谁?)
例:1989年1月四级第79题(完形填空)
however, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system quite different from _____ at home.
a) those b) which c) what d) that
从本题的句子结构来看,应填入一个替代名词system的代词。所以答案是d) that。虽然those也可代替名词,但替代的是复数名词。本句被替代的是system是单数名词,因此要用that。
注意:在以下情况中不能用that:
g) 在非限制性定语从句中
例:she has two brothers, who are both doctors. (她有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。)
h) 在介词后(但如果介词移到其它位置上,还是可以用that)
例:i am going to visit the old man from whom i once learned english.(我要去拜访一位曾经教过我的老人。)
3) as的用法
as用做关系代词时,类似who, which,常和such, same连用,并在固定句型中出现。
例:he was an englishman, as i knew from his accent.(他是个英国人,这是我从他的口音中得知的。)
my hometown is no longer the same as it was.(我
的家乡和过去不一样了。)
例:1997年1月四级第37题
as ____ announced in today’s papers, the shanghai export commodities fair is also open on sundays.
a) being b) is c) to be d) been
全句的意思是:“据今天的报纸宣布,上海出口商品博览会星期日也照常开放”。as可以引出一个从句,承接前面主句的内容或引出后续主句的内容。在本句中,as其主语作用。因此,答案是b) is。is和announced一起构成从句的谓语。而being announced,been announced,或to be announced不能在句中起谓语作用。
例:1997年6月四级第51题
studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ______ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction
a) as for b) in view of c) in case of d) such as
空格前的意思是:“研究表明,最能增强人们幸福感的东西不是用金钱能买到的”。空格后的意思:“愉快的家庭生活、友谊和工作的满足感”。从上下文看,下文的内容是上文中最主要东西的列举。所以,答案是d) such as,意为“例如、诸如、象……那样”。其它选项的意思是a) as for"至于、就……而言";b) in view of “鉴于,考虑到”;c) in case of“万一”。