听力理解(二)不同题型的应试要点_CET听力
大学六级考试听力理解部分主要涉及三种题型(新题型听写填空spot dictation主要作为四级题型公布),题型不同,命题要求也不同,其答题时的方法技巧自然也应有所不同,本章就从不同题型的角度再介绍一些答题要点。
一、 简短会话
大学六级考试中,简短对话是听力理解题中必考的,共10题,占分10%,内容比四级的长而复杂,要求考生在两题的间隙迅速选定答案,并准备听下一题。
近几年来六级考试听力部分从问题类型上看,已基本取消有关“时间”、“地点”、“人物身份”、“对话双方关系”、“计算”等意念的题型,而代之以会话“主题”、“重点概括”、“暗示推论”、“语气态度”等涉及会话整体话题要求较高层次理解的题型。我们留意到,近几年来六级这部分听力题的问题大多是以下几种模式:
1.what do we learn/can be learned from the conversation?
2.what are they talking about?
3.what does the man/woman mean/imply?
4.what’s the man’s/woman’s opinion about...?
5.how does the man/woman feel about...?
6.what will the man/woman/mr...probably do?
鉴于这样的特征,我们在应试时要注意以下几点:
1.在分析预测的前提下,尽量把对话双方的话语听完整,而不要像四级一样仅关注第二个对话者的内容。
2.注意正确答案的特点。一般有以下几种情况:①与听力原文的部分内容一致;②是对话某方语气、态度的描述,这样的题目要特别注意说话者所用的句子重音和语调;③与听力原文整个内容相一致,要求在概括归纳的基础上得出;④是听力原文的延伸和推断,注意推断时必须忠实于原文,当然也不必丝毫不差地再现原文,答案只要能表达原文中部分信息,甚至可不包含原文表层,但必须是原文的实质。
3.“听到什么,不选什么”。听力理解题的选择项设计,一般要求不允许简单重复对话内容,即不能是同词语或同结构的简单重复,而只能是“不同词、不同结构表达与对话相同或相近的语义”,故选择答案时一般不要选含有对话中听得很清楚的关键词或含有与对话相同结构句式的那(些)项,它们往往是干扰项。
二、 短文
短文听力理解紧接简短对话之后,每套3篇短文,其后共附10题理解性问题,占分10%。其中2篇后每篇3题,1篇后有4题,问题涉及短文细节、要点或主题。短文题材一般为科普、社会、、风土人情、医学、科技、世界形势等,说明文较多,记叙性故事少见。
值得注意的是,短文听力理解与简短对话有着不同的命题特点。对话中需要推论概括的问题较多,问及对像较难,而短文后的问题则主要检测考生的听记能力,问及对像一般为比较简单的短文大意,要点和重要细节。
但一般四、六级考生对短文听力理解比较害怕,不容易考好,也觉得难以提高,其实不然。问题的关键是如何对用作听力理解的短文及其进行恰到好处的处理。即听取多少,听取什么。
其实,短文听力理解比简短会话要容易得多,如此长的一篇文章,通篇围绕一个问题阐述,听后只问3~4个小问题,其中绝大多数信息是多余的、重复的。的重复性是由人的思维特点及短文的结构特征(上下文的互释作用)决定的。以1998年6月的听力为例,其中标注部分是与问题相关的有用,看看我们只要听懂多少:
鶬t’s 8 o’clock on tuesday,may 1 st.here is the news between the hours of 7:00 and 8:00 p.m..last night,five thieves broke into the country house of lord and lady chest-field on an island. (11) they entered by a window at the rear of the house and surprised the owners who were watching television in the drawing room.after (12) disconnecting the telephone and tying up lord and lady chest-field,the thieves escaped with 16 precious paintings.the market value of such art work has been
一、 简短会话
大学六级考试中,简短对话是听力理解题中必考的,共10题,占分10%,内容比四级的长而复杂,要求考生在两题的间隙迅速选定答案,并准备听下一题。
近几年来六级考试听力部分从问题类型上看,已基本取消有关“时间”、“地点”、“人物身份”、“对话双方关系”、“计算”等意念的题型,而代之以会话“主题”、“重点概括”、“暗示推论”、“语气态度”等涉及会话整体话题要求较高层次理解的题型。我们留意到,近几年来六级这部分听力题的问题大多是以下几种模式:
1.what do we learn/can be learned from the conversation?
2.what are they talking about?
3.what does the man/woman mean/imply?
4.what’s the man’s/woman’s opinion about...?
5.how does the man/woman feel about...?
6.what will the man/woman/mr...probably do?
鉴于这样的特征,我们在应试时要注意以下几点:
1.在分析预测的前提下,尽量把对话双方的话语听完整,
而不要像四级一样仅关注第二个对话者的内容。
2.注意正确答案的特点。一般有以下几种情况:①与听力原文的部分内容一致;②是对话某方语气、态度的描述,这样的题目要特别注意说话者所用的句子重音和语调;③与听力原文整个内容相一致,要求在概括归纳的基础上得出;④是听力原文的延伸和推断,注意推断时必须忠实于原文,当然也不必丝毫不差地再现原文,答案只要能表达原文中部分信息,甚至可不包含原文表层,但必须是原文的实质。
3.“听到什么,不选什么”。听力理解题的选择项设计,一般要求不允许简单重复对话内容,即不能是同词语或同结构的简单重复,而只能是“不同词、不同结构表达与对话相同或相近的语义”,故选择答案时一般不要选含有对话中听得很清楚的关键词或含有与对话相同结构句式的那(些)项,它们往往是干扰项。
二、 短文
短文听力理解紧接简短对话之后,每套3篇短文,其后共附10题理解性问题,占分10%。其中2篇后每篇3题,1篇后有4题,问题涉及短文细节、要点或主题。短文题材一般为科普、社会、、风土人情、医学、科技、世界形势等,说明文较多,记叙性故事少见。
值得注意的是,短文听力理解与简短对话有着不同的命题特点。对话中需要推论概括的问题较多,问及对像较难,而短文后的问题则主要检测考生的听记能力,问及对像一般为比较简单的短文大意,要点和重要细节。
但一般四、六级考生对短文听力理解比较害怕,不容易考好,也觉得难以提高,其实不然。问题的关键是如何对用作听力理解的短文及其进行恰到好处的处理。即听取多少,听取什么。
其实,短文听力理解比简短会话要容易得多,如此长的一篇文章,通篇围绕一个问题阐述,听后只问3~4个小问题,其中绝大多数信息是多余的、重复的。的重复性是由人的思维特点及短文的结构特征(上下文的互释作用)决定的。以1998年6月的听力为例,其中标注部分是与问题相关的有用,看看我们只要听懂多少:
鶬t’s 8 o’clock on tuesday,may 1 st.here is the news between the hours of 7:00 and 8:00 p.m..last night,five thieves broke into the country house of lord and lady chest-field on an island. (11) they entered by a window at the rear of the house and surprised the owners who were watching television in the drawing room.after (12) disconnecting the telephone and tying up lord and lady chest-field,the thieves escaped with 16 precious paintings.the market value of such art work has been
estimated at somewhere around4million pounds.lord and lady chest-field were not seriously harmed but have been treated for shock in the hospital.
鶨arly this morning a woman with a scottish accent telephoned the time in london to say that the chest-field organization for freedom claim the responsibility for the theft.this is the third time this year that this organization has claimed the responsibility for an act of this kind. (14)the organization defends all the farmers on the island. (13) the farmers were forced to leave their lands when lord chest-field,their landlord,refused to renew their traditional lease last year in order to extend the reservation area for birds.11.what were lord and lady chest-field doing when the thieves broke into their house?
12.what did the five thieves do?
13.what did lord chest-field do to the farmers?
14.what’s the organization’s purpose in breaking into lord chest-field’s house?
可见,我们需要获取的只是不到全部短文10%的,而考生害怕、紧张的原因是想全部听懂并记住,并往往未能全部听懂或听懂了但未记砖K以,这部分听力题的答题要点首先是要培养一种沉着、冷静、泰然的听音心态。
另外,答好短文听力理解题还应注意:
1、在根据选择项预测的基础上尽可能听懂第一句或领会短文主题,这对把握全文要点、抓住与答题相关的有用非常重要。
2、边听边看选项,“听到什么选什么”。这是与简短会话正好相反的答题应试方法。如前所述,短文听力理解题设计得比较直接、简单,主要指向一些相对较为重要的细节,所以只要听到短文中某个片段与某选项一致,即可先选下来,如果听完后,同一题没有二个或更多的选项被选中,则该选项一般就是答案,如同一题被选中的不止一项,则可根据短文后的问题作出取舍。 第三节 复合式听写
复合式听写是一种多重方式听写测试题,属主观题,安排在试卷二上,题号以s1~s10 单独编排,占分10%,s1 ~s7 为单词听写填空,s8 ~s10 为句子(句子群或句子片断)听写。短文体裁、题材、难度、长度都与听力理解短文相仿。但短文读3遍,第1和第3遍为正常语速,第2遍在空格后有停顿,但并不像四级复合听写题一样每个空格后
都有停顿,六级的复合式听写只在后三个句子空档后有停顿。
复合式听写要求考生听懂全文后,按要求把空档填满,s1 ~s7 的单词,空档处的单词一般不像完形填空的空缺可通过阅读理解推断出,而是代表
了短文核心内容的比较难的关键词;s8 ~s10 的句子(片断)可以直接把听力原文中的句子一字不改地记下来,也可以在听懂记住的基础上用自己的话扼要地把要点记上去。例:
鶷he family is changing.in the past,grandparents,parents,and children used to live together,and they had an(s1)extended family.sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group.but family(s2)structure is changing throughout the world.the nuclear family consists of only one father,one mother,and children;it is becoming the main family pattern everywhere.
the nuclear family offers married women some(s 3 )advantages:they have freedom from their(s4 )relatives,and the husband does not have all the power of the family.studies show that in nuclear families,men and women usually make an equal number of(s5)decisions about family life.
鶥ut wives usually have to“pay”for the(s6)benefits of freedom and power.when women lived in such large families,sisters,grandparents,and aunts helped one another with housework and(s7)childcare.
鶬n addition,older women in a large family group had important positions.(s8)wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit,and they have another disadvantage,too:women generally live longer than their husbands,so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone.
鶶tudies show that(s9)women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are.in the past,men worked outside the home and women worked inside.housework and child-raising were full-time jobs,and there was no time for anything else.now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past,but they still have to do most of the housework.(s10)therefore,the women actually have two full time jobs,and they have less free time.
这是一篇社会学方面关于家庭演变的说明文,s1 ~s7 为7个短文中比较难、对上下文(刊印在试卷二上的那部分中)较重要,属于短文核心内容的词,s8 和s10 为句子,s9 为句子片断,但也代表短文的一个重要内容——最后一段的主题句。
解答这类,首先要利用播放指令的间隙通读全文,抓住短文的主题。其次在记录时尽可能先采用速记方式,不宜且时间也不允许在录音播放过程中逐个把整个单词拼写完整。第三要注意每个空档处单词的拼写、语法变形,错了都要失分。最后,对于s8 ~s10 的听写,特别要注意这也是书面表达,而书面表达就需要语言的规范性,而不能有拼写、句法、表达习惯的差错,或与上下文语意上的不相融。更重要的是,还必须与听力原文中的那部分内容保持一致。最后,对于s 8 ~s 10 三个空档的句子听写,我们究竟采用听写法还是摘要法?实践中简单采用任何一种都会觉得较难实现。一字不漏地听写这么长的句子,确实不容易,而要把这些句子听懂并用自己的话以摘要的方式把要点表达出来,既涉及词汇、句法、语言习惯,又涉及归纳概括的提炼功夫,所以也难。通常的做法是两种方法兼而用之,让听写为较难操作的摘要服务,使摘要去弥补一字不漏的听写之不足。也就是说,以听写为主,略去一些次要的短语,未记下的部分用自己的话填补一下。
如上例中的s8 ,如果用摘要的方法,应写成instead of enjoying its benefit,wives have another trouble:they often have to live alone when old,because they generally survive their husbands.写这样的摘要要求很高,
但我们可以兼用两种方式写成:wives in these families have another disadvantage——they live longer than their husbands,so they often have to live alone in their old age(或when they are old).
一、 简短会话
大学六级考试中,简短对话是听力理解题中必考的,共10题,占分10%,内容比四级的长而复杂,要求考生在两题的间隙迅速选定答案,并准备听下一题。
近几年来六级考试听力部分从问题类型上看,已基本取消有关“时间”、“地点”、“人物身份”、“对话双方关系”、“计算”等意念的题型,而代之以会话“主题”、“重点概括”、“暗示推论”、“语气态度”等涉及会话整体话题要求较高层次理解的题型。我们留意到,近几年来六级这部分听力题的问题大多是以下几种模式:
1.what do we learn/can be learned from the conversation?
2.what are they talking about?
3.what does the man/woman mean/imply?
4.what’s the man’s/woman’s opinion about...?
5.how does the man/woman feel about...?
6.what will the man/woman/mr...probably do?
鉴于这样的特征,我们在应试时要注意以下几点:
1.在分析预测的前提下,尽量把对话双方的话语听完整,而不要像四级一样仅关注第二个对话者的内容。
2.注意正确答案的特点。一般有以下几种情况:①与听力原文的部分内容一致;②是对话某方语气、态度的描述,这样的题目要特别注意说话者所用的句子重音和语调;③与听力原文整个内容相一致,要求在概括归纳的基础上得出;④是听力原文的延伸和推断,注意推断时必须忠实于原文,当然也不必丝毫不差地再现原文,答案只要能表达原文中部分信息,甚至可不包含原文表层,但必须是原文的实质。
3.“听到什么,不选什么”。听力理解题的选择项设计,一般要求不允许简单重复对话内容,即不能是同词语或同结构的简单重复,而只能是“不同词、不同结构表达与对话相同或相近的语义”,故选择答案时一般不要选含有对话中听得很清楚的关键词或含有与对话相同结构句式的那(些)项,它们往往是干扰项。
二、 短文
短文听力理解紧接简短对话之后,每套3篇短文,其后共附10题理解性问题,占分10%。其中2篇后每篇3题,1篇后有4题,问题涉及短文细节、要点或主题。短文题材一般为科普、社会、、风土人情、医学、科技、世界形势等,说明文较多,记叙性故事少见。
值得注意的是,短文听力理解与简短对话有着不同的命题特点。对话中需要推论概括的问题较多,问及对像较难,而短文后的问题则主要检测考生的听记能力,问及对像一般为比较简单的短文大意,要点和重要细节。
但一般四、六级考生对短文听力理解比较害怕,不容易考好,也觉得难以提高,其实不然。问题的关键是如何对用作听力理解的短文及其进行恰到好处的处理。即听取多少,听取什么。
其实,短文听力理解比简短会话要容易得多,如此长的一篇文章,通篇围绕一个问题阐述,听后只问3~4个小问题,其中绝大多数信息是多余的、重复的。的重复性是由人的思维特点及短文的结构特征(上下文的互释作用)决定的。以1998年6月的听力为例,其中标注部分是与问题相关的有用,看看我们只要听懂多少:
鶬t’s 8 o’clock on tuesday,may 1 st.here is the news between the hours of 7:00 and 8:00 p.m..last night,five thieves broke into the country house of lord and lady chest-field on an island. (11) they entered by a window at the rear of the house and surprised the owners who were watching television in the drawing room.after (12) disconnecting the telephone and tying up lord and lady chest-field,the thieves escaped with 16 precious paintings.the market value of such art work has been
大学六级考试听力理解部分主要涉及三种题型(新题型听写填空spot dictation主要作为四级题型公布),题型不同,命题要求也不同,其答题时的方法技巧自然也应有所不同,本章就从不同题型的角度再介绍一些答题要点。
一、 简短会话
大学六级考试中,简短对话是听力理解题中必考的,共10题,占分10%,内容比四级的长而复杂,要求考生在两题的间隙迅速选定答案,并准备听下一题。
近几年来六级考试听力部分从问题类型上看,已基本取消有关“时间”、“地点”、“人物身份”、“对话双方关系”、“计算”等意念的题型,而代之以会话“主题”、“重点概括”、“暗示推论”、“语气态度”等涉及会话整体话题要求较高层次理解的题型。我们留意到,近几年来六级这部分听力题的问题大多是以下几种模式:
1.what do we learn/can be learned from the conversation?
2.what are they talking about?
3.what does the man/woman mean/imply?
4.what’s the man’s/woman’s opinion about...?
5.how does the man/woman feel about...?
6.what will the man/woman/mr...probably do?
鉴于这样的特征,我们在应试时要注意以下几点:
1.在分析预测的前提下,尽量把对话双方的话语听完整,
而不要像四级一样仅关注第二个对话者的内容。
2.注意正确答案的特点。一般有以下几种情况:①与听力原文的部分内容一致;②是对话某方语气、态度的描述,这样的题目要特别注意说话者所用的句子重音和语调;③与听力原文整个内容相一致,要求在概括归纳的基础上得出;④是听力原文的延伸和推断,注意推断时必须忠实于原文,当然也不必丝毫不差地再现原文,答案只要能表达原文中部分信息,甚至可不包含原文表层,但必须是原文的实质。
3.“听到什么,不选什么”。听力理解题的选择项设计,一般要求不允许简单重复对话内容,即不能是同词语或同结构的简单重复,而只能是“不同词、不同结构表达与对话相同或相近的语义”,故选择答案时一般不要选含有对话中听得很清楚的关键词或含有与对话相同结构句式的那(些)项,它们往往是干扰项。
二、 短文
短文听力理解紧接简短对话之后,每套3篇短文,其后共附10题理解性问题,占分10%。其中2篇后每篇3题,1篇后有4题,问题涉及短文细节、要点或主题。短文题材一般为科普、社会、、风土人情、医学、科技、世界形势等,说明文较多,记叙性故事少见。
值得注意的是,短文听力理解与简短对话有着不同的命题特点。对话中需要推论概括的问题较多,问及对像较难,而短文后的问题则主要检测考生的听记能力,问及对像一般为比较简单的短文大意,要点和重要细节。
但一般四、六级考生对短文听力理解比较害怕,不容易考好,也觉得难以提高,其实不然。问题的关键是如何对用作听力理解的短文及其进行恰到好处的处理。即听取多少,听取什么。
其实,短文听力理解比简短会话要容易得多,如此长的一篇文章,通篇围绕一个问题阐述,听后只问3~4个小问题,其中绝大多数信息是多余的、重复的。的重复性是由人的思维特点及短文的结构特征(上下文的互释作用)决定的。以1998年6月的听力为例,其中标注部分是与问题相关的有用,看看我们只要听懂多少:
鶬t’s 8 o’clock on tuesday,may 1 st.here is the news between the hours of 7:00 and 8:00 p.m..last night,five thieves broke into the country house of lord and lady chest-field on an island. (11) they entered by a window at the rear of the house and surprised the owners who were watching television in the drawing room.after (12) disconnecting the telephone and tying up lord and lady chest-field,the thieves escaped with 16 precious paintings.the market value of such art work has been
estimated at somewhere around4million pounds.lord and lady chest-field were not seriously harmed but have been treated for shock in the hospital.
鶨arly this morning a woman with a scottish accent telephoned the time in london to say that the chest-field organization for freedom claim the responsibility for the theft.this is the third time this year that this organization has claimed the responsibility for an act of this kind. (14)the organization defends all the farmers on the island. (13) the farmers were forced to leave their lands when lord chest-field,their landlord,refused to renew their traditional lease last year in order to extend the reservation area for birds.11.what were lord and lady chest-field doing when the thieves broke into their house?
12.what did the five thieves do?
13.what did lord chest-field do to the farmers?
14.what’s the organization’s purpose in breaking into lord chest-field’s house?
可见,我们需要获取的只是不到全部短文10%的,而考生害怕、紧张的原因是想全部听懂并记住,并往往未能全部听懂或听懂了但未记砖K以,这部分听力题的答题要点首先是要培养一种沉着、冷静、泰然的听音心态。
另外,答好短文听力理解题还应注意:
1、在根据选择项预测的基础上尽可能听懂第一句或领会短文主题,这对把握全文要点、抓住与答题相关的有用非常重要。
2、边听边看选项,“听到什么选什么”。这是与简短会话正好相反的答题应试方法。如前所述,短文听力理解题设计得比较直接、简单,主要指向一些相对较为重要的细节,所以只要听到短文中某个片段与某选项一致,即可先选下来,如果听完后,同一题没有二个或更多的选项被选中,则该选项一般就是答案,如同一题被选中的不止一项,则可根据短文后的问题作出取舍。 第三节 复合式听写
复合式听写是一种多重方式听写测试题,属主观题,安排在试卷二上,题号以s1~s10 单独编排,占分10%,s1 ~s7 为单词听写填空,s8 ~s10 为句子(句子群或句子片断)听写。短文体裁、题材、难度、长度都与听力理解短文相仿。但短文读3遍,第1和第3遍为正常语速,第2遍在空格后有停顿,但并不像四级复合听写题一样每个空格后
都有停顿,六级的复合式听写只在后三个句子空档后有停顿。
复合式听写要求考生听懂全文后,按要求把空档填满,s1 ~s7 的单词,空档处的单词一般不像完形填空的空缺可通过阅读理解推断出,而是代表
了短文核心内容的比较难的关键词;s8 ~s10 的句子(片断)可以直接把听力原文中的句子一字不改地记下来,也可以在听懂记住的基础上用自己的话扼要地把要点记上去。例:
鶷he family is changing.in the past,grandparents,parents,and children used to live together,and they had an(s1)extended family.sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group.but family(s2)structure is changing throughout the world.the nuclear family consists of only one father,one mother,and children;it is becoming the main family pattern everywhere.
the nuclear family offers married women some(s 3 )advantages:they have freedom from their(s4 )relatives,and the husband does not have all the power of the family.studies show that in nuclear families,men and women usually make an equal number of(s5)decisions about family life.
鶥ut wives usually have to“pay”for the(s6)benefits of freedom and power.when women lived in such large families,sisters,grandparents,and aunts helped one another with housework and(s7)childcare.
鶬n addition,older women in a large family group had important positions.(s8)wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit,and they have another disadvantage,too:women generally live longer than their husbands,so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone.
鶶tudies show that(s9)women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are.in the past,men worked outside the home and women worked inside.housework and child-raising were full-time jobs,and there was no time for anything else.now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past,but they still have to do most of the housework.(s10)therefore,the women actually have two full time jobs,and they have less free time.
这是一篇社会学方面关于家庭演变的说明文,s1 ~s7 为7个短文中比较难、对上下文(刊印在试卷二上的那部分中)较重要,属于短文核心内容的词,s8 和s10 为句子,s9 为句子片断,但也代表短文的一个重要内容——最后一段的主题句。
解答这类,首先要利用播放指令的间隙通读全文,抓住短文的主题。其次在记录时尽可能先采用速记方式,不宜且时间也不允许在录音播放过程中逐个把整个单词拼写完整。第三要注意每个空档处单词的拼写、语法变形,错了都要失分。最后,对于s8 ~s10 的听写,特别要注意这也是书面表达,而书面表达就需要语言的规范性,而不能有拼写、句法、表达习惯的差错,或与上下文语意上的不相融。更重要的是,还必须与听力原文中的那部分内容保持一致。最后,对于s 8 ~s 10 三个空档的句子听写,我们究竟采用听写法还是摘要法?实践中简单采用任何一种都会觉得较难实现。一字不漏地听写这么长的句子,确实不容易,而要把这些句子听懂并用自己的话以摘要的方式把要点表达出来,既涉及词汇、句法、语言习惯,又涉及归纳概括的提炼功夫,所以也难。通常的做法是两种方法兼而用之,让听写为较难操作的摘要服务,使摘要去弥补一字不漏的听写之不足。也就是说,以听写为主,略去一些次要的短语,未记下的部分用自己的话填补一下。
如上例中的s8 ,如果用摘要的方法,应写成instead of enjoying its benefit,wives have another trouble:they often have to live alone when old,because they generally survive their husbands.写这样的摘要要求很高,
但我们可以兼用两种方式写成:wives in these families have another disadvantage——they live longer than their husbands,so they often have to live alone in their old age(或when they are old).