职称英语样题(卫生类)_职称英语

职称(卫生类)

（发布时间： 2003-7-24 16:55:00　来自：）

第一部分　阅读理解　(75分)
passage　1
until　the　twentieth　century　cigarettes　were　not　an　important　threat　(威胁)　to　public　health.　men　used　tobacco　mainly　in　the　form　of　cigars　(雪茄烟),　chewing　tobacco,　pipe　tobacco(烟草),　and　snuff　(鼻烟).　most　women　did　not　use　tobacco　at　all.
the　cigarette　industry　began　in　the　1870s　with　the　development　of　the　cigarette　manufacturing　machines.　this　made　it　possible　to　produce　great　numbers　of　cigarettes　very　quickly,　and　it　reduced　the　price.
today　cigarettes　smoking　is　a　widespread　habit.　about　forty-three　percent　of　the　adult　men　and　thirty-one　percent　of　the　adult　women　in　the　united　states　smoke　cigarettes　regularly.　it　is　encouraging　to　note,　however,　that　millions　of　people　have　given　up　the　smoking　habit.　seventy-five　percent　of　the　male　population　and　forty-six　percent　of　the　these　men　and　eleven　percent　of　the　women　have　stopped　smoking.　the　number　of　persons　who　have　given　up　smoking　is　increasing.
men　as　a　group　smoke　more　than　women.　among　both　men　and　women　the　age　group　with　the　highest　proportion　(比例)　of　smokers　is　the　age　group　24-44.
income,　education,　and　occupation　all　play　a　part　in　determining　a　person's　smoking　habits.　city　people　smoke　more　than　people　living　on　farms.　well-educated　men　with　high　incomes　are　less　likely　to　smoke　cigarettes　than　men　with　fewer　years　of　schooling　and　lower　incomes.　on　the　other　hand　if　a　well-educated　man　with　a　high　income　smokes　as　all,　he　is　likely　to　smoke　more　packs　of　cigarettes　per　day.
the　situation　is　somewhat　different　for　women.　there　are　slightly　more　smokers　among　women　with　higher　family　incomes　and　higher　education　than　among　the　lower　income　and　lower　educational　groups.　these　more　highly　educated　women　tend　to　smoke　more　heavily.
among　teenagers　(少年)　the　pictures　is　similar.　there　are　fewer　teenager　smokers　from　upper-income,　well-educated　families　and　fewer　from　families　living　in　farm　areas.　high　school　students　who　are　preparing　for　college　are　less　likely　to　smoke　than　those　who　do　not　plan　to　continue　their　education　after　high　school.　children　are　most　likely　to　start　smoking,　if　one　or　both　of　their　parents　smoke.

1.　men　use　tobacco　mainly　in　________　forms　in　the　past.
○a.　one
○b.　two
○c.　three
○d.　four

2.　the　cigarette　industry　began　________.
○a.　one　hundred　years　ago
○b.　at　the　turn　of　the　century
○c.　in　the　eighteen　seventies
○d.　in　the　eighteen　century

3.　in　the　united　states　_______　smoke　cigarettes.
○a.　about　forty-three　percent　of　people
○b.　about　thirty-one　percent　of　people
○c.　only　old　people
○d.　about　forty-three　percent　of　the　grown　-　up　men　and　thirty-one　percent　of　the　grown　-up　women

4.　a　man's　smoking　habit　is　partly　determined　by　________.
○a.　his　income
○b.　his　education
○c.　his　occupation
○d.　all　of　the　above

5.　children　_________　to　start　smoking,　if　their　parents　smoke.
○a.　are　most　likely
○b.　are　less　likely
○c.　hate
○d.　do　not　want

passage　2
many　of　us　believe　that　a　person's　mind　becomes　less　active　as　he　grows　older.　but　this　is　not　true,　according　to　dr.　jarvik,　professor　of　psychiatry　(精神病学)　at　the　university　of　california.　she　has　studied　the　mental　functioning　of　aging　persons　for　several　years.　for　example,　one　of　her　studies　concerns　136　pairs　of　identical　twins　(孪生儿),　who　were　first　examined　when　they　were　already　60　years　old.　as　dr.　jarvik　continued　the　study　of　the　twins　into　their　70s　and　80s,　their　minds　did　not　generally　decline　as　was　expected.
however,　there　was　some　decline　in　their　psycho-motor　speed.　this　means　that　it　took　them　longer　to　accomplish　mental　tasks　than　it　used　to.　but　when　speed　was　not　a　factor,　they　lost　very　little　intellectual　ability　over　the　years.　in　general,　dr.　jarvik's　studies　have　shown　that　there　is　no　decline　in　knowledge　or　reasoning　ability.　this　is　true　not　only　with　those　in　their　30s　and　40s,　but　with　those　in　their　60s　and　70s　as　well.
it　is　true　older　people　themselves　often　complain　that　their　memory　is　not　as　good　as　it　once　was.　however,　much　of　what　we　call　'loss　of　memory'　is　not　that　at　all.　there　was　usually　incomplete　learning　in　the　first　place.　for　example,　the　older　person　perhaps　had　trouble　hearing,　or　poor　vision,　or　inattention,　or　was　trying　to　learn　the　new　thing　at　too　fast　a　pace.　in　the　cases　where　the　older　person's　mind　real

      

ly　seems　to　become　less　active,　it　is　not　necessarily　a　sign　of　becoming　less　active　due　to　old　age.　often　it　is　simply　a　sign　of　a　depressed　emotional　(压抑的感情)　state.　

6.　according　to　dr.　jarvik's　studies,　middle-aged　and　older　persons　would　expect　to　__________.
○a.　remember　less
○b.　reason　better
○c.　learn　fewer　new　things
○d.　lose　no　intellectual　ability

7.　mental　decay　due　to　aging　is　_________.
○a.　common
○b.　much　more　common　than　most　people　believe
○c.　much　less　common　than　most　people　believe
○d.　true　of　those　over　sixty

8.　a　long-term　study　of　136　pairs　of　twins　showed　that　_________.
○a.　they　lost　a　little　ability　to　reason　over　the　years
○b.　they　only　factor　which　decline　over　the　years　was　their　speed　with　which　to　perform　mental　tasks
○c.　their　memory　was　not　as　good　as　it　had　once　been
○d.　their　minds　became　a　bit　more　active　as　they　grew　older

9.　according　to　the　passage,　all　the　following　are　instances　of　'incomplete　learning'　except　_________.
○a.　poor　hearing
○b.　bad　eyesight
○c.　lack　of　attention
○d.　the　attempt　to　learn　too　many　new　things

10.　what　we　call　mental　decay　is　usually　a　sign　of　_________.
○a.　a　low-spirited　state
○b.　a　worsening　state　of　health
○c.　old　age
○d.　nervous　tension
passage　3
for　hundreds　of　years,　diseases　caused　by　lack　in　nutrition　(营养)　were　known　to　men.　some　common　nutritional　diseases　are　beriberi　(脚气),　and　scurvy　(坏血病).　in　the　18th　century,　james　lind,　a　scottish　doctor,　discovered　a　cure　beriberi　-　whole　rice.
a　british　scientist　in　1906　showed　that　certain　foods　contain　substances　important　to　the　growth　and　development　of　the　body.　in　time　these　substances　were　called　vitamins,　meaning　essential　to　life.　today　there　are　13　known　vitamins.　the　human　body　produces　only　three　of　them.
vitamins　regulate　(调节)　the　way　the　body　changes　food　into　energy　and　living　tissues　(组织).　each　vitamins　has　a　definite　use　and　the　lack　of　one　vitamin　can　interfere　with　the　function　of　another.　the　continued　lack　of　one　vitamin　can　cause　a　vitamin　lack　disease.
the　best　way　for　a　healthy　person　to　get　vitamins　is　to　eat　a　balanced　diet.　eggs,　milk,　meat,　vegetables,　fruits,　and　whole　-　grain　are　the　most　common　sources　of　the　necessary　variety　of　foods.
vitamins　help　to　speed　up　certain　chemical　reactions　in　the　body.　these　reactions　are　essential　for　health.　without　vitamins,　these　reactions　would　occur　very　slowly　or　not　at　all.
truly　vitamins　have　been　correctly　named　-　essential　to　good　health　and　life.

11.　men　have　know　about　nutritional　diseases　__________.
○a.　a　long　time
○b.　in　18th　century
○c.　recently
○d.　in　1906

12.　beriberi　is　a　type　of　_________.
○a.　food
○b.　vitamin
○c.　fruit
○d.　disease

13.　it　takes　scientists　_______　to　know　how　many　vitamins　there　are.
○a.　a　long　time
○b.　a　few　years
○c.　a　short　time
○d.　a　number　of　experiments

14.　human　body　produces　__________　kinds　of　vitamins.
○a.　all　kinds　of
○b.　five
○c.　thirteen
○d.　three

15.　eating　_______　is　the　best　way　to　get　vitamins.
○a.　few　things
○b.　vegetables
○c.　fruits
○d.　many　kinds　of　food

第二部分　完成句子　(25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
some　psychologists　(心理学家)　maintain　that　mental　acts　such　as　thinking　are　not　performed　in　the　brain　alone,　but　that　one's　muscles　also　participate　(参加).　it　may　be　said　that　we　think　with　our　muscles　in　somewhat　the　same　way　that　we　listen　to　music　without　bodies.
you　surely　are　not　surprised　to　be　told　that　to　music　not　only　with　your　ears　but　with　your　whole　body.　few　people　can　listen　to　music　that　is　more　or　less　familiar　without　moving　their　body　or　more　specifically　(具体地),　some　part　of　their　body.　often　when　one　listens　to　a　concert　on　the　radio,　he　is　tempted　to　direct　the　orchestra　(管弦乐队)　even　though　knows　where　to　direct　the　orchestra　even　though　he　knows　there　is　an　able　conductor　on　the　job.
strange　as　this　behavior　may　be,　there　is　a　very　good　reason　for　it.　one　cannot　derive　all　possible　enjoyment　form　music　unless　he　participates,　so　to　speak,　in　its　performance.　the　listener　'feels'　himself　into　the　music　with　more　or　less　pronounced　motions　of　his　body.
the　muscles　of　the　body　actually　participate　(参加)　in　the　mental　process　of　thinking　in　the　same　way,　but　this　participation　is　less　obvious　because　it　is　less　pronounced.

16.　some　psychologists　believe　that　thinking　is　performed　not　only　by　one's　brain　but　also　one's　_________.

17.　the　process　of　thinking　and　that　of　listening　are　similar　in　that　muscles　________　in　both　processes.

18.　_________　people　are　able　to　listen　to　familiar　music　witho

        

ut　moving　some　part　of　their　body.

19.　body　movement　are　necessary　in　order　for　the　listener　to　________　the　music　fully.

20.　according　to　the　passage,　muscle　participation　in　the　process　of　thinking　is　not　readily　a_______.

第三部分　阅读理解　(80分)
passage　1
most　of　us　lead　unhealthy　lives:　we　spend　far　too　much　time　sitting　down.　if,　in　addition,　we　are　careless　about　our　diets,　our　bodies　soon　become　flabby　(不结实的)　and　systems　sluggish　(缺乏活力的).　then　the　guilt　feelings　start:　'　i　must　go　on　a　diet',　'i　must　try　to　lose　weight',　'i　must　get　more　fresh　air　and　exerciser',　'i　must　stop　smoking',　'i　must　try　to　keep　fit.'　there　are　some　aspects　of　our　unhealthy　lives　that　we　cannot　avoid.　i　am　thinking　of　such　features　of　modern　urban　life　as　pollution,　noise,　rushed　meals　and　stress.　but　keeping　fit　is　a　way　to　minimise　(减少到最低限度)the　effects　of　these　evils.
the　usual　suggestion　to　a　person　who　is　looking　for　a　way　to　keep　fit　is　to　take　up　some　sport　or　other.　while　it　is　true　that　every　weekend　you　will　find　people　playing　football　and　tennis　in　the　local　park,　they　are　outnumbered　(超过)　a　hundred　to　one　by　the　people　who　are　simply　watching　them.　it　is　an　illusion　to　think　that　you　will　get　fit　by　going　to　watch　the　football　match　every　saturday,　unless　you　count　the　effort　required　to　fight　your　way　throughout　the　crowds　to　get　to　the　best　seats.
for　those　who　do　not　particularly　enjoy　competitive　(竞争性的)　sports,　it　is　especially　difficult　to　do　so　if　you　are　not　good　at　them.　there　are　such　activities　for　one　person　as　cycling,　walking　and　swimming.　what　often　happens,　though,　is　that　you　do　them　in　such　a　leisurely　way,　so　slowly,　that　it　is　doubtful　if　you　are　doing　yourself　much　good,　apart　from　the　fact　that　you　have　at　least　managed　to　get　up　out　of　your　armchair.　of　course　you　can　be　very　thorough　about　exercise.　many　sports　shops　now　sell　frightening　pieces　of　apparatus,　chest-expanders　and　other　mysterious　gadgets　(小装置)　of　shiny　spring　steel,　which,　according　to　the　advertisements,　will　bring　you　up　to　an　olympic　standard　of　fitness,　provided　that　you　follow　a　regular　programme　of　exercises.　such　programmes　generally　involve　long　periods　of　time　bending　these　curious　bits　of　metal　into　improbable　shapes.
it　all　strikes　me　as　utterly　boring　and　also　time-consuming.　somebody　suggested　recently　that　all　such　effort　was　pointless　anyway　because　if　you　spend　half　an　hour　every　day　jogging　round　the　local　park,　you　will　add　to　your　life　exactly　the　number　of　hours　that　you　wasted　doing　the　'jogging'　in　the　first　place.　the　argument　is　false　even　if　the　facts　are　correct,　out　there　is　no　doubt　that　exercise　in　itself　can　be　boring.
even　after　you　have　found　a　routine　for　keeping　in　shape,　through　sport　or　gymnastics,　you　are　still　only　half　way　to　good　health,　because,　according　to　the　experts,　you　must　also　master　the　art　of　complete　mental　and　physical　relaxation.　now,　this　does　not　mean　sleeping　in　the　armchair　of　going　dancing　(which　is　a　good　form　of　exercise　in　itself).　it　has　something　to　do　with　deep　breathing,　emptying　your　mind　of　all　thoughts,　worries　and　so　on.

21.　if　you　want　to　keep　fit,　you　should　__________.
○a.　go　in　for　not　only　competitive　sports,　but　also　solitary　ones
○b.　go　in　for　not　only　sports,　but　also　enjoy　your　relaxation
○c.　not　put　on　too　much　weight
○d.　not　spend　long　hours　sitting　in　your　armchair

22.　the　latter　part　of　the　last　sentence　of　para.　2　('…　unless　you　count　the　effort…　get　to　the　best　seats.')　suggests　that　the　author　thinks　that　________.
○a.　fighting　your　way　through　crowds　is　a　good　exercise
○b.　best　seats　are　difficult　to　secure
○c.　being　a　spectator　is　not　a　way　to　keep　fit
○d.　getting　through　crowds　is　not　an　easy　job

23.　which　statement　reflects　the　author's　point　of　view　on　solitary　sports?
○a.　they　do　not　contribute　much　to　your　health.
○b.　they　can　be　done　in　a　slow　way.
○c.　they　lack　a　sense　of　competition.
○d.　they　can　be　done　at　any　time　and　in　any　place.

24.　in　para.　4,　the　author　quotes:　'…　if　you　spend　half　an　hour　every　day　jogging　round　the　local　park,　you　will　add　to　your　life　exactly　the　number　of　hours　that　you　wasted　doing　the　'jogging'　in　the　first　place.'　he　thinks　that　the　statement　is　_____________.
○a.　partially　correct
○b.　absolutely　true
○c.　untrue
○d.　paradoxical

25.　which　of　the　following　is　not　mentioned　as　a　way　to　good　health　in　the　article?
○a.　mental　and　physical　relaxation.
○b.　competitive　and　solitary　sports.
○c.　pieces　of　exercise　apparatus.
○d.　mountain　climbing　of　fresh-air　breathing.

passage　2
whether　you　eat　to　live　or　live　to　eat,　food　should　help　keep　you　well.　in　our　modern　world　of　processed　and　preserved　foods,　many　nutritionists　(营养学家)　are　suggesting　that

        

　we　can　stay　healthy　with　a　well-balanced　diet　of　plenty　of　fresh　fruits　and　vegetables　and　not　too　much　red　meat,　salt,　or　sugar.　in　fact,　eating　natural,　unprocessed　foods　that　are　made　from　scratch,　instead　of　artificial　and　junk　(假的)　foods,　may　not　only　keep　you　healthy,　but　save　your　money,　too.
to　stay　healthy,　you　must　also　be　careful　to　avoid　food　poisoning,　a　common,　unpleasant,　and　often　dangerous　illness　that　affects　one　out　of　every　six　americans　each　year.　food　poisoning　is　often　caused　by　salmonella　bacteria　(沙门化菌)　in　food,　especially　raw　meats　and　dairy　products.　heat　usually　kills　the　bacteria,　and　refrigeration　keeps　them　from　growing.　so　remember　to　keep　hot　food　hot　and　cold　food　cold.　also,　be　sure　to　keep　your　hands　and　cooking　utensils　clean　so　you　don't　transfer　germs　to　the　food　while　you　are　preparing　it.
if　you　use　canned　food,　always　check　the　cans　for　leaks　or　puffiness.　a　puffed　can　could　mean　botulism,　a　fatal　type　of　food　poisoning　that　you　cannot　see　or　smell.　never　taste　any　food　that　you　suspect　has　spoiled.　instead,　return　any　damaged　cans　or　spoiled　food　to　the　grocery　store,　and　the　manager　will　refund　(归还)　your　money.　when　using　processed　foods,　be　sure　to　read　all　the　labels　and　check　the　ingredients　and　the　freshness　date　before　you　buy　or　eat　the　food.
eating　is　one　of　the　joys　of　life.　being　careful　about　what　you　put　in　your　mouth　can　keep　it　that　way.

26.　according　to　most　nutritionists,　a　diet　of　_________　is　good　for　you.
○a.　red　meat　and　sweets
○b.　artificial　and　junk　foods
○c.　fresh　fruits　and　vegetables
○d.　processed　and　preserved　foods

27.　to　stay　healthy,　one　must　___________.
○a.　not　eat　unprocessed　meat　and　dairy　products
○b.　avoid　your　hands　touching　all　foods
○c.　not　taste　outdated　canned　food
○d.　heat　cold　food　before　eating

28.　if　a　can　is　puffy,　it　is　suggested　in　the　passage　to　___________.
○a.　open　it　and　taste　a　little　to　check　it
○b.　throw　it　away　to　avoid　poisoning　other　foods
○c.　heat　it　so　as　to　kill　the　bacteria
○d.　return　it　to　its　seller　for　repayment

29.　what　does　'it'　in　the　last　paragraph　refer　to?
○a.　life.
○b.　joy.
○c.　eating.
○d.　food.

30.　on　the　whole,　the　passage　strongly　suggests　that　_________.
○a.　natural　food　is　healthier　than　artificial　food
○b.　food　helps　keep　one　healthy
○c.　canned　food　may　be　poisoning
○d.　one's　poor　health　is　generally　a　result　of　food　poisoning

第四部分　概括大意　(20分)
给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。
31.　d　
adults　twelve　years　old　and　over　take　two　teaspoonfuls　as　needed,　not　to　exceed　fifteen　teaspoonfuls　per　day.　children　six　years　old　to　twelve　years　old　take　half　of　the　adult　dosage,　not　to　exceed　seven　teaspoonfuls　per　day.

32.　w　
do　not　administer　(用药)　to　children　under　six　years　old　or　to　individuals　with　high　blood　pressure,　heart　disease,　or　disease,　or　diabetes.　this　preparation　may　cause　sleepy.　do　not　drive　or　operate　machinery　while　taking　this　medicine.　chronic　(长期的)　cough　is　dangerous.　if　relief　does　not　occur　within　three　days,　discontinue　use　and　consult　your　physician.

33.　e　of　information　between　the　sensory　(感观的)　neurons　(神经)　and　the　brain.　
the　sensory　neurons　keep　the　brain　informed　of　what　is　happening　outside　and　inside　the　body　through　a　variety　of　sensory　pick　-　up　units　called　receptors.　some　of　these,　lying　at　or　near　the　skin　surface,　may　be　specially　sensitive　to　tissue　damage　(causing　pain),　or　light　contact　(producing　a　touch　sensation),　or　pressure,　or　temperature,　either　hot　or　cold.　other　receptors　on　the　tongue　and　in　the　nose　respond　to　light　of　varying　intensities,　while　receptors　respond　to　color.　receptors　in　the　ear　respond　to　minute　vibrations　caused　by　sound　waves　striking　the　eardrum.　other　receptors　are　deep　in　the　walls　of　the　intestines;　when　the　intestines　contract　vigorously　because　of　the　presence　of　uncomfortable　food　or　gas,　these　receptors　transmit　signals　of　pain.　still　other　receptors　lodged　in　the　muscles,　fire　off　signals　to　the　brain　any　time　a　muscle　contracts　or　a　joint　moves　or　is　subjected　to　added　pressure　or　tension.
34.　c　of　a　fever;　fever　is　a　condition　in　which　the　body　temperature　is　high　than　normal.　usually　the　presence　of　fever　is　due　to　an　infection,　though　there　can　be　many　other　causes　such　as　malignancies　(恶性肿瘤)，brain　injuries,　poisoning　reactions,　reactions　to　vaccines,　and　diseases　involving　the　central　nervous　system.　sometimes　emotional　action　can　bring　on　a　fever.

35.　c　of　the　stomach;　carcinoma　of　the　stomach　is　a　common　cancer　of　the　digestive　tract.　it　is　one　of　the　leading　causes　of　death.
the　disease　tends　to　occur　in　the　age　groups　over　40,　and　to　this　type　of　cancer　males　are　somewhat　more　likely　than　females.　in　many　cases

        

　the　early　stage　of　growth　of　the　cancer　is　usually　not　associated　with　definite　symptoms.　by　the　time　symptoms　occur　to　an　intensity　that　makes　the　patient　seek　medical　advice,　the　cancer　is　often　found　to　have　spread　to　other　organs　such　as　the　liver.

第五部分　阅读理解　(120分)
passage　1
what　can　you　do　if　you　suffer　from　insomnia?　two　things:　you　can　eat　certain　foods　that　will　help　you　fall　asleep　and　stay　asleep,　and　you　can　do　certain　things　that　are　sleep-inducing.　here　are　some　guidelines　dr.　schwartz　has　worked　out　after　years　of　research.
a.　if　you've　had　a　bad　night's　sleep,　don't　stay　in　bed　later　the　next　morning.
b.　don't　go　to　bed　earlier　the　next　night.　stick　to　your　usual　bedtime　and　rising　pattern.
c.　don't　nap　during　the　day.　naps　cut　down　on　night　sleep-time.
d.　never　lie　awake　in　bed　and　sleeplessness,　thus　reinforcing　your　poor　sleeping　pattern.
e.　when　you　get　out　of　bed　after　an　hour　of　sleeplessness,　do　something,　but　make　sure　it's　something　dull.　read　a　book　that　doesn't　interest　your　much.　never　watch　tv　or　listen　to　the　radio.
f.　try　sitting　still　in　a　chair　in　a　darkened　room;　you'll　be　surprised　how　fast　you'll　get　sleepy.
g.　when　you　retire　for　the　night,　don't　lie　there　rehashing　(重讲)　the　mistakes　of　the　day.　nor　is　this　the　time　to　plan　your　next　day's　activities　-　you　may　become　too　anxious　or　over-stimulated.
h.　get　as　much　exercise　as　possible,　preferably　early　in　the　day.　exercise　is　a　great　sleep　inducer.
i.　develop　a　bedtime　routine:　closing　up　the　house　and　turning　out　the　lights　in　a　certain　way,　bathing,　plumping　(使鼓起)　up　the　pillows.　sleep　studies　show　that　doing　things　in　sequence　-　in　a　way　that　tends　to　calm　and　sooth　-　can　help　you　achieve　a　good　sleep　pattern.
as　for　food　intake　to　help　you　sleep,　make　sure　that　your　daily　diet　is　a　balanced　one　and　high　in　tryptophan　(色氯酸),　an　amino　(氨基的)　acid　found　in　certain　foods.　the　body　converts　tryptophan　to　l-　tryptophan　and　then　to　serotomin,　a　body　chemical　crucial　to　the　sleep　process.　foods　rich　in　tryptophan　are:　whole　or　skim　milk,　eggs,　cheese,　meat,　and　peanuts,　apples,　bananas,　cherries,　dried　prunes　(梅脯),　and　watermelon.　if　you　include　foods　high　in　tryptophan　in　your　daily　diet,　and　incorporate　some　of　the　sleep-inducing　activities　into　your　life,　the　chances　are　good　that　you　will　achieve　a　pattern　of　restful,　soothing　sleep.

36.　look　over　the　list　of　guidelines　in　paragraph　1.　which　of　the　following　would　dr.　schwartz　probably　approve　of　doing　if　you　can't　sleep?
○a.　read　an　exciting　novel.
○b.　go　to　bed　at　your　usual　bedtime.
○c.　think　about　a　meeting　you　have　to　attend　tomorrow.
○d.　take　a　nap　at　lunchtime.

37.　in　paragraph　1,　item,　dr.　schwartz　implies,　but　not　directly　say　that　________.
○a.　you　should　read　a　book　that　doesn't　interest　you　much
○b.　watching　tv　or　reading　an　interesting　book　will　stimulate　you　and　keep　you　awake
○c.　listening　to　the　radio　will　wake　up　other　people　in　your　house
○d.　you　should　count　numbers　silently

38.　the　third　sentence　in　paragraph　2　is　a　list　of　foods,　paragraph　2　_______.
○a.　does　not　explain　why　these　foods　are　listed　here
○b.　says　to　avoid　the　food　listed
○c.　highly　recommends　that　you　eat　the　foods　listed
○d.　says　that　the　foods　listed　are　very　cheap

39.　the　last　sentence　of　paragraph　2　___________.
○a.　is　pessimistic　about　insomnia
○b.　is　optimistic　about　insomnia
○c.　contains　examples　of　food　high　in　trpytophan
○d.　summarizes　the　entire　article

40.　the　article　mainly　tells　us　___________.
○a.　why　go　to　sleep
○b.　causes　of　insomnia
○c.　ways　to　deal　with　insomnia
○d.　what　foods　can　help　you　sleep

passage　2
flu(which　is　short　for　influenza)　is　a　highly　contagious　disease,　the　cause　of　which　is　a　very　tiny　organism　known　as　a　virus.　several　types　of　flu　are　recognized,　depending　on　the　type　of　virus　that　causes　the　disease.
when　people　catch　flu,　they　often　complain　of　a　headache　or　a　sore　throat.　they　usually　have　a　fever　and　their　temperature　rises　from　the　normal　37c　(98.6f)　to　about　39.5c　(103f).　sometimes　a　person　has　a　dry　hacking　(猛烈地干咳)　cough　and　aching　joints.
today　many　doctors　prescribe　drugs　that　fight　the　disease.　and　scientists　have　also　developed　vaccines　(疫苗)　that　help　to　prevent　it.　if　the　patient　has　proper　treatment,　and　complete　rest　in　bed,　the　virus　is　normally　beaten　within　a　week　to　ten　days.
how　does　flu　spread　so　quickly?　when　the　infected　person　breathes　out,　sneezes　or　coughs,　he　gives　out　droplets　(飞沫)　of　moisture　in　the　breath　from　his　mouth　or　nose.　these　remain　in　the　air　for　some　time.　flu　viruses　are　present　in　these　droplets.　if　a　person　sneezes　in　a　crowed　or　poorly　ventilated　place,　such　as　a　lift,　viruses　can　easily　be　carried　from　an　infected　person　to　a　healthy　pers

        

on.　this　is　known　as　droplet　infection.　the　healthy　person　will　breathe　in　the　viruses　given　out　by　the　infected　person.
flu　can　often　cause　complications　in　breathing,　and　general　infection　of　the　lung.　with　elderly　and　weak　people,　these　added　complications　often　yield　serious　results.　the　virus,　if　not　properly　treated,　can　weaken　the　body　so　that　patient　may　develop　more　serious　illnesses,　such　as　pneumonia　(肺炎)　and　bronchitis　(支气管炎).
there　are　three　main　types　of　virus　that　cause　flu,　which　are　called　type　a,　b　and　c.　type　a　is　the　most　powerful　of　the　three,　and　undergoes　minor　changes　in　its　genetic　material　every　few　years.　the　new　form　of　the　virus　is　called　a　strain　(菌株).　the　new　strain　is　not　affected　by　the　current　vaccines.　it　is　said　to　be　'　resistant'　to　them.　so　doctors　must　be　continually　producing　new　vaccines　to　combat　the　new　strains　of　virus.

41.　the　types　of　flu　vary　with　__________.
○a.　the　character　of　organism
○b.　the　portal　of　entry
○c.　the　organ　involved
○d.　the　pathogenic　agents

42.　today　vaccines　have　been　developed　and　used　for　_______　purposes.
○a.　curative
○b.　preventive
○c.　therapeutic
○d.　diagnostic

43.　the　transmitting　medium　for　flu　is　__________.
○a.　air
○b.　food
○c.　water
○d.　a　mosquito

44.　flu　is　more　likely　to　affect　___________.
○a.　the　young
○b.　the　adults
○c.　the　elderly
○d.　the　new-born　infants

45.　the　most　dangerous　complication　of　flu　is　__________.
○a.　bronchitis
○b.　inflammation　of　the　lungs
○c.　emphysema
○d.　sinusitis

第六部分　完形填空　(30分)
根据短文在空白处填上适当的单词，该单词的第一个字母已经给出。
messages　in　your　body　are　carried　by　n_____46____.　each　nerve　is　made　up　of　thousands　of　nerve　cells.　each　nerve　that　carries　messages　to　the　arms　and　legs　has　a　long　fiber　coming　f　47　its　cell.　one　nerve　passes　a　message　it　r　48　to　another　nerve　across　the　ends　of　the　fibers.
messages　are　carried　from　the　arms　and　legs,　also.　suppose　that　you　t　49　something　hot.　even　before　you　exclaim　'ouch!'　your　finger　pulls　b　50　.　a　nerve　in　your　finger　connects　w　51　another　nerve　that　transfers　the　message　to　a　third　one.　this　third　never　end　i　52　the　muscles　in　your　finger.　the　muscles　pull　back　your　finger,　and　prevents　a　t　53　.　it　takes　only　a　fraction　o　54　a　second　for　the　message　to　travel　f　55　one　nerve　to　another.