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过去分词作定语讲与练_高中英语

 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。

 一、过去分词作定语

 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。

 1、前置定语

 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。

 a类:被动意义:

 an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人

 the injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

 b类:完成意义:

 a retired teacher 一位退休的

 they are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.

 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

 2、后置定语

 过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:

 this will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。

 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

 who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?

 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?

 二、过去分词作表语

 作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:

 you seem frightened.

 你看样子受了惊吓。

 少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:

 they are gone for vacation.

 他们度假去了。

 注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如:

 a. the library is now closed.

 图书馆现在关门了。

 b. the library is closed at six.

 图书馆经常在六点钟关门。

 说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,a句是系表结构,b句是被动语态。

 从a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

 1. most of the artists _____ to the party were from south africa. (met 1990)

 a. invited b. to invite

 c. being invited d. had been invited

 2. the computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (nmet 1993)

 a. open b. opening

 c. having opened d. opened

 3. cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(nmet 1998)

 a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay

 4.—how do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

 —the key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)

 a. to solving; making

 b. to solving; made

 c. to solve; making

 d. to solve; made

 5. don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.

 (上海2002)

 a. being known b. having been known

 c. to be known d. known

 key: 1-5 adcbd