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“特殊”的连词_高中英语

 nmet 2002 “短文改错”第 85 题考查的是连词的用法。这道题是:

 i was so tired that i fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.

 正确的改法是去掉句中的介词 at ,由 the moment 引导时间状语从句。很多考生做这道题时不知道去掉 at ,认为在句中用 at the moment 是正确的。为了帮助们更好地掌握这种由其它词类转化而成的“特殊”连词,下面对它们作一简要归纳:

 一 . 由动词转化成的连词

 1. suppose (如果,假使)引导条件状语从句。例如:

 ( 1 ) suppose it rains, what shall we do?

 如果天下雨,我们该怎么办?

 ( 2 ) suppose a lion should come out of the forest?

 要是有一头狮子从树林中跑出来咋办?

 2. save (除了,只是)引导状语从句,表示伴随状况。例如:

 a similar timetable has been used, save that the morning break is shorter.

 已经采用了差不多相同的时间表,只是早上的休息时间缩短了。

 二 . 由分词转化成的连词

 这类连词有两种:一种是由现在分词转化成的连词,另一种是由过去分词转化成的连词。

 1. 现在分词

 由现在分词转化成的连词有 seeing (考虑到……), supposing (假定) , providing (如果……的话), considering (考虑到)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如:

 ( 1 ) he can stay here providing he works.

 如果他工作的话,他可以留在这儿。

 ( 2 ) supposing that you've made some progress, you should not be proud.

 假定你有了一些进步,你也不应该骄傲自大。

 ( 3 ) considering they are newcomers, they've done very well.

 考虑到他们是新来的,他们已经做得很好了。

 2. 过去分词

 由过去分词转化成的连词有 provided (如果……的话;以……为条件), granted (假定;即使)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如:

 ( 1 ) you may go, provided your work is done.

 如果你的工作做完了,你就可以走了。

 ( 2 ) granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't mean he's going to do so.

 即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子,他也不一定会这么做。

 三 . 由副词转化成的连词

 directly 和 immediately 均表示“一……就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:

 ( 1 ) directly i had done it, i knew i had made a mistake.

 我刚做完这件事,就知道出错了。

 ( 2 ) i came immediately i'd eaten.

 我一吃完就来了。

 四 . 由名词转化成的连词

 由名词转化过来的连词,前面一般都有定冠词。

 1. the moment, the instant, the minute 这几个词组都表示“一……就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:

 ( 1 ) i will meet you the instant you arrive.

 你一到我就去见你。

 ( 2 ) the moment you leave, please tell me.

 你一动身就请告诉我。

 2. the first (或 second, next, last ) time (或 moment )表示“在某一次……的时候”,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:

 i liked her the first time i met her.

 第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。

 五 . 由介词短语转化成的关联连词

 由介词短语转化成的关联连词很多,而且还在不断增加。常见的有 for fear that (唯恐), in case that (假使), in order that (为了), on condition that (如果), with the result that (结果)等,可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如:

 ( 1 ) he hurried home for fear that he might miss his guests.

 他急忙赶回家,唯恐见不到他的客人。

 ( 2 ) in case i'm late, start without me.

 如果我来晚了,你们不必等我。

 ( 3 ) i was in the bath with the result that i didn't hear the telephone.

 我正在浴室里洗澡,结果没有听见电话铃响。

 ( 4 ) they flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony. 为了能及时参加开幕典礼,他们乘飞机到了那里。

 以上所举的连词,形、义、音均与相应的动词、分词、副词、名词和介词短语相同,因而会引起人们的误解。如果我们能摆脱通常的认识禁锢,去重新确定它们的词性,那么,许多问题就可以迎刃而解了。