八年级英语第二十一单元Mainly revision（总复习）_八年级英语教

章节 第二十一单元

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内容

一、教法建议

【 抛砖引玉 】

　　单元双基学习目标

　　Ⅰ. 词汇学习

　　happily , easily , carefully , worried , feel worried about, pingpong , hard-working

　　Ⅱ. 语法学习

　　简单句的基本句型 ( 一 )

　　( 1 ) 主语 + 不及物动词：

　　he swims .

　　they are listening .

　　( 2 ) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语：

　　she likes basketball

　　they know me .

　　( 3 ) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语：

　　the bike is new .

　　she felt worried .

　　Ⅲ. 交际：

　　what can i do for you ?

　　i need to do some shopping .

　　i\'m worried about my party .

【 指点迷津 】

　　单元重点词汇点拨

　　1 . pingpong 乒乓球

　　〖 点拨 〗乒乓球也可说 table tennis .

　　she plays pingpong very well . 她乒乓球打得很好。

　　2 . hard-working 努力工作的

　　he is a hard-working teacher . 他是一位勤奋的。

　　〖 点拨 〗类似的词如：peace-loving爱好和平的。

　　3 . happily 幸福地，快乐地
　　
　　the children are playing happily . 孩子们正愉快地玩着。

　　〖 点拨 〗该词为 happy 的副词形式，作状语。happiness是其名词形式。注意：live a happy life过着幸福的生活。

　　4 . easily 容易地，轻易地

　　we did it easily . 我们很容易地把它做了。

　　〖 点拨 〗其形容词为 easy .

　　it is easy for sb to do某人干……很容易。it is easy for her to bring the books here .

　　5 . carefully 仔细地，小心地

　　listen to the teacher carefully ! 仔细听讲 !

　　〖 点拨 〗该词为 careful 的副词。careless粗心大意的。carefully = with care认真地。

　　you’d better do your homework carefully .

　　6 . worried 担心的，烦恼的

　　〖 点拨 〗注意 worry 可作动词和名词“担心，焦虑”，be worried about = worry about “对…感到担心”。

　　－ what’s the matter with you , tom ?

　　－ my parents haven’t been back yet . i am worried about it .

　　单元词组思维运用
　　
　　1 . telephone number 电话号码

　　what is your telephone number . 你的电话号码是多少 ?

　　perhaps his telephone number is wrong .

　　－ is this 9998345 ?

　　－ sorry , you have the wrong number .

　　2 . do some shopping 买些东西

　　we\'re going to do some shopping . 我们打算购买一些物品。

　　〖 提示 〗类似词组还有：do sport 从事运动 / do the cooking 烹调，烹饪 / do washing 洗衣服 / do cleaning 做扫除 / do one\'s homework 做家庭作业 / do one\'s lesson 做功课

　　mr . smith likes doing sport after meals . 史密斯先生喜欢饭后参加体育运动。

　　is rose going to do washing this afternoon ?

　　i don’t like to do shopping with her this afternoon , mum .

　　3 . please help yourself 请随便吃，请自己动手 ( 拿、吃、抽烟等 )

　　please help yourself to wine . 请随便用酒。

　　〖 提示 〗表吃什么，拿什么时，该词组要加介词 to 再加宾语。

　　boys , help yourselves to more bananas and oranges .

　　sir , help yourself to some cigarettes (香烟).

　　注意：help sb with帮助某人干…… 。she always helps me with my chinese on sunday .

　　4 . get ready for 为……做好准备，为……准备好

　　have you got ready for the party ? 这个聚会你已经准备好了吗 ?

　　〖 点拨 〗get ready to do准备好干…… 。please get ready to run , class .

　　5 . on the other side of 在……的另一边

　　on the other side of the river there are some banana trees . 在河的对岸，有许多香蕉树。

　　on the other side of the street there is a book shop .

　　〖 提示 〗指两者之中的另一边。

　　6 . like to do 与 like doing：

　　〖 提示 〗这两者都表示“喜欢做什么”。区别如下：

　　like to do 指喜欢做特定的或某次具体的行动，指一时的爱好。

　　i like to swim in the river . 我喜欢在这条河游泳。 ( 特定场合的具体行动 )

　　( 试比较：i like swimming . 我喜欢游泳。 )

　　like doing 指喜欢做某事，即长期的爱好和兴趣。试比较：

　　do you like swimming ? 你喜欢游泳吗 ? ( 指长期的爱好 )

　　would you like to swim with me tomorrow ? 你愿意明天和我一起去游泳吗 ? ( 特指明天一次具体行动 )
　
　　另外：如果用于否定结构，like to do 与 like doing 就没有什么区别，可以换用。如：

　　i don\'t like smoking = i don\'t like to smoke . 我不喜抽烟。

　　7 . like 与 would like 的区别：

　　〖 提示 〗like ( 喜欢，爱好 ) ，后接名词、代词、不定式或动名词。

　　do you like fish ? 你喜欢 ( 吃 ) 鱼吗 ?

　　would like 意为“想要，愿意”解时，是 wish 和 want 的意思。用于礼貌性地提出要求或表示愿意提供帮助。其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式。但不能接动名词。

　　would you like something to eat ? 你想吃点什么东西吗 ?

　　would like sb to do愿意让某人干 ……。

　　my father would like me to go to beijing with hin this summer .

二、学海荡舟

【 学法指要 】

　　单元句型思路明晰

　　1 . as + 副词 + as

　　read this passage as quickly as you can . 你尽快读完这段短文。

　　这具句型中第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as 为从属连词，引导程度状语从句。又如：

　　he ran as fast as he could . 他尽力地快跑。

　　he works as hard as you . 他与你一样努力工作。

　　2 . not… 否定主语的句型

　　not everyone likes sandwiches . 不见得每个人都喜欢三明治。

　　not 无论放在句首或句子其它地方，与 all , every 等词连用时，只表示部分否定，又叫做“部分否定句”。如：

　　everyone does not like sandwiches . 每个人不见得都喜欢三明治。

　　not everyone is a worker . = everyone is not a worker . 不见得每个人都是工人。

　　not everyone agrees with you . 不是人人都同意你的意见。

　　not all people agree with you . 不是大家都同意你的看见。

　　单元难点疑点释疑

　　1 . what can i do for you ? 你要点什么 ?

　　这是对顾客的礼貌用语，还可以说 can i help you ? 如：

　　— what can i do for you ? 你要点什么 ?
　　
　　— i want to buy a new coat . 我想买件新上衣。

　　— can i help you ?

　　— two cups of coffee . = two coffees . 请来两杯咖啡。
　
　　2 . she felt worried . 她很焦急。

　　feel 是连系动词， worried 是形容词，在句中作表语。turn , get , look , be 等动词也是连系动词，都可接形容词构成系表结构。如：

　　he felt happy . 他很高兴。

　　the trees turn green . 树儿绿了。

　　※ 表示具有某种性质、特征或处于某种状态。常用的有 be , appear , feel , sound , seem , book , smell , taste 等。例如：

　　it is not late . 时间还不晚

　　the dish smells good . 这道菜闻着香。

　　he seemed to be writing something . 他好象在写什么东西。

　　his words sounds all right . 他的话听起来有道理。

　　※ 表示动词所叙述的动作和过程所产生的结果；或者表示状态的变化。常用的有：get , go , come , become , turn , grow , fall , prove , run , make 等。例如：

　　the custom has now become a rule . 那习俗已变为成规。

　　the milk in the cup will go bad . 杯子里的牛奶要坏了。

　　her face turned red .

　　※ 某种持续的状态。常用的有：keep , continue , stand等。例如：

　　she knew she must keep calm . 她知道她必须保持镇静。

　　※ 除 make 等个别词外，几乎所有的连系动词都能接形容词作表语。例如：

　　our country is getting stronger and stronger . 我们国家日益强大。

　　※ 接名词作表语的有：become , get , look , make , seem , turn 等。例如：
　　
　　now you look a grown-up young man . 现在你看上去已经是一个成年的小伙子了。

　　one tree does not make a wood . 独木不成林。

　　he used to be a soldier till he turned writer . 他当作家之前曾是战士。
　
　　※ 我们还应注意某些连系词和形容词的固定搭配及其褒贬色彩。比如，come 多接褒义形容词，而 go 则多接贬之形容词。例如：

　　come true / right 变为现实 / 正确

　　go bad / hungry / mad / blind / deaf / tired / …变坏 / 饿 / 疯 / 瞎 / 聋 / 累……

　　grow rich / tall / large / clever / old…变得富裕 / 高 / 大 / 聪明 / 年老……

　　fall ill / asleep / silent / …生病 / 睡着 / 沉默……

　　3 . i\'m worried about my party . 我正担心晚会呢 ?

　　be worried about 意为“为……而担心”。注意该词组表示担忧的状态。如：

　　mother is worried about his health . 母亲担心他的健康。

　　are you worried about the meeting ? 你担心开会的事吗 ?

　　4 . i\'ll get another one now . 我现在再拿一根来。

　　one ( s ) , other ( s ) the other ( s ) 及 another 的区别：

　　one 有下列几种意思：1 ) 可指人或表示一种；2 ) 常用来代替前面刚提到的可数名词，以

避免重复，如可数名词为复数，就要用 ones 来代替；3 ) 表示“一个…，另一个…”用“one…the other…”。

　　the others 表示其余的几个，要用定冠词 the。

　　others 表示泛指“别人”或“别的东西”，常不加定冠词。

　　another 意为“另一个，又一个”强调三个或三个以上人 ( 或事物 ) 中的“另一个”。

　　试比较：

　　a：which sweater would you like , the red one or the blue one ? 你想要哪件毛衣，红色的还是蓝色的 ?

　　b：the red one . 红色的。

　　i have two sisters . one is a teacher , the other is a doctor . 我有两个姐姐，一个是教师，另一个当医当。

　　the children are cleaning the classroom . some are sweeping the floor , others are cleaning the window . 孩子们在打扫教室，一些正在扫地，另一些在擦窗子。

　　lei feng was always ready to help others . 雷锋总是乐于助人。

　　here are three pencils . one is red , another is blue , the third is yellow .

　　这里有三支锅笔，一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的，还有一支是黄色的。

【 妙文赏析 】

　　not such a simple question

　　alan chang was a handsome young man with good manners . one morning he was walking along a street on his way to an appointment . he did not want to be early or late . he had forgotten to put on his watch so he went up to a man who was waiting for a taxi .

　　“ excuse me , sir , ”he said , very politely , “ but could you tell me the time ? ”

the man , who was very well - dressed and looked quite rich , said nothing . he did not even look at alan . alan spoke to him again . “ excuse me , sir , ”he said , “ but could you please tell me what time it is ? ”

　　this time the man looked at him , but he did not speak and looked quickly away . alan thought 　to himself: well , he\'s not deaf . he must be just rude .

　　“ why won\'t you tell me the time , sir ? ”he demanded .

　　the man turned towards him and said , try to understand me . i am standing here waiting for a taxi . you come up to me and ask me for the time . if tell it to you , you will thank me . i will say , “ that\'s all right . ”you may then say , “ it\'s a beautiful day , ”to which i may reply “ yes , i like these sunny winter days . ”

　　before we know what is happening we have a friendly conversation . you are a pleasant , polite young man and so when my taxi comes , i offer you a fide . you accept . we talk . i like you . you like me . i invite you to my home . you meet my daughter . she is a very pretty girl . you are a good - looking man . you like each other . soon you fall in love . you want to marry . now do you understand my problem ? ”

　　alan shook his head .

　　“ no sir , i\'m sorry , i don\'t . everything you have said seems very natural to me . ”

　　“ exactly , ”the man said , “ and i do not want my daughter to marry a man who is too poor to buy a watch . good morning to you . ”and with these words he hurried away .

　　注释：handsome 英俊的，manners 礼貌，appointment 约会，well-dressed 穿着考究的，衣着入时的，deaf 聋的，rude 粗鲁的，粗野的，无礼的，demand 请求，要求，

【 思维体操 】

　　1 . a man phoned his daughter to ask her to buy a few things he needed for a trip . he told her she would find enough dollar bills for the purchases ( 采购 ) in an envelope on his desk . she found the envelope with“ 98 ”written on it . in a shop she bought 90 worth of things , but when it was time to pay , she didn\'t have 8 left over as she thought she would . in fact , she didn\'t have enough money to pay for all the purchases . by how much was she short ?

　　a . 8 . 00 . b . 10 . 00 . c . 6 . 00 d . 4 . 00 .

　　2 . each of the smith brothers has as many sisters as he has brothers . but each of the smith sisters has twice as many brothers as she has sisters . how many brothers and sisters are there in the smith family ?

　　a . four brothers and three sisters . b . three brothers and four sisters .

　　c . two brothers and four sisters . d . four brothers and five sisters .

　　3 . if a carpenter ( 木工 ) receives twenty-five cents for sawing ( 锯 ) a board into two lengths , how much should he receive for saving the board into four lengths ?

　　a . 50 cents . b . 1 , 00 . c . 75 cents . d . 2 . 00 .

　　4 . how many times can 19 be subtracted ( 减去 ) from 27 ?

　　a . once . b . twice . c . three . d . none .

　　5 . some hens and cats are in a room . they are 36 legs and 15 heads in all . how many hens and cats are there in the room ?

　　a . 6 and 9 . b . 7 and 8 . c . 12 and 3 . d . 8 and 7 .

　　答案：1 — 5 daaac

三、智能显示

【 心中有数 】

　　单元语法发散思维

　　简单句

　　在句子中应注意谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。

　　1 ) 主语 + 不及物动词 ( 谓语 )

　　the moon rose . 月亮升起来了。

　　另外：在这种句型中，主语可被定语修饰。谓语常被副词、介词词组等修饰，用来说明动作的程度、时间、地点、状况等。如：

　　the sun rises . 太阳升起来了。

　　the red sun rises . 红太阳升起来了。

　　the red sun rises in the east . 红太阳在东方升起。

　　2 ) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语

　　all my friends like to study english and chinese .

　　另外：及物动词除必须有宾语外，还可有修饰语，这点与不及物动词相同。修饰动词的状语通常放在句末。这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可用名词短语、不定式短语、分词短语等。宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式等。如：

　　they speak english quite well . 他们讲得好。 ( 副词作状语 )

　　3 ) 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语

　　my brother is a singer .my mother is a nurse .

　　另外：在这个句型中，连系动词以 be 动词为最多，此外还有 look , become , keep , get , turn 等。表语可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等。

　　it\'s getting colder and colder . 天气越来越冷。

　　please keep quiet ! 请保持安静 !

【 动手动脑 】

　　单元能力立体检测

　　※ 英汉互译

　　1 . 白天 2 . 时常 3 . 继续 4 . 去散步

　　5 . 打电话给…… 6 . get warm 7 . at the moment 8 . by the way

　　9 . feel happy 10 . take - away food

　　答案：1 . day - time 2 . at times 3 . go on 4 . go for a walk 5 . ring up 6 . 变暖 7 . 此刻 8 . 顺便说一下 9 . 感到高兴 10 . 熟食

　　※ 要点分析

　　1 . now you can ______ the food at home .

　　a . do b . making c . cook d . doing

　　答案 c . do , make , cook 都含有“做”的含义，但用在食物上则只用 make 和 cook , make 侧重于面食的制作，如包饺子，做蛋糕等，而 cook 侧重“烹饪”，句中 can 为情态动词，后加动词 cook 原形。

　　2 . i saw him ______ the car , and he went into that shop .

　　a . getting on b . getting into c . getting off d . getting out of

　　答案 d . 上、下小汽车时不用 get on / off 短语，而要用 get into / out of , 另外前后两分句由 and 连接为并列句，前后动作应一致，不可能上了小汽车又进了商店，所以应选择下车，即 getting out of。

　　3 . there ______ water in the bottle .

　　a . is no b . is not c . are no d . are not

　　答案 a . water 为不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式，因此可排除c、d项，另外 no = not any , any 用来修饰 water 不可缺，因此不能只用 is not , 而要选a . is no。

　　4 . i didn\'t know why she ______ worried .

　　a . is b . felt c . looks d . feeled

　　答案 b . 在主从复合句中，除主句为一般现在时的情况外，主从句在时态上一律要保持一致，本题主句为一般过去时，因此从句也要用过去的时态，d项中 feeled 为一种错误的过去式形式，因此选b。

　　5 . miss liu will never be late , ______ ?

　　a . won\'t she b . will miss liu c . is she d . will she

　　答案 d . never 为否定副词，意为“从来没有”因此陈述部分为否定句，那么反意疑问句的疑问部分要用肯定形式 will，主语 miss liu 相对应的人称代词为 she，因此选d，类似这种情况的词还有 hardly ( 几乎不 ) ，few , little ( 几乎没有 ) ，nobody , no one ( 没有人 ) ，nothing ( 没有什么 ) 等。

　　※ 词形变化

　　1 . day ( 反义词 ) 2 . long ( 比较级 )

　　3 . snow ( 现在分词 ) 4 . cloud ( 形容词 )

　　5 . happy ( 副词 ) 6 . country ( 复数 )

　　7 . stop ( 过去式 ) 8 . beautiful ( 最高级 )

　　9 . stop ( 第三人称单数 ) 10 . we ( 名词性物主代词 )

　　答案：1 . night 2 . longer 3 . snowing 4 . cloudy 5 . happily 6 . countries 7 . stopped 8 . most beautiful 9 . stops 10 . ours

【 创新园地 】

　　1 . — hi , jim1

　　— ______

　　— it was a pleasure .

　　2 . — ______

　　— that\'ll be fine . i\'ll tell mum . i think i\'m free that night .

　　3 . — ______

　　— sure .

　　4 . — ______

　　— bye !

　　a . goodbye !

　　b . i told my parents about it last night . they asked me to thank your mother . we hope you can come to our house for supper next saturday .

　　c . hi , ann ! thank you for supper last night . i enjoyed it very much .

　　d . good . please give me a ring after you talk to your parents .




　　( 请同学们把填好的答案反馈给我们 )

　　答案：1 — 4 c b d a



【 同步题库 】

　　unit 21
　　Ⅰ . 单项填空

　　1 . there ______ fifty people , not counting the children .

　　a . have b . had c . was d . were
　
　　2 . there were ten ______ number .

　　a . in b . on c . at d . with

　　3 . run as ______ as you can .

　　a . faster b . fastest c . the fastest d . fast

　　4 . he is always ready ______ others .

　　a . help b . to help c . helps d . helping

　　5 . this pair is ______ too large . please show me another pair .

　　a . a few b . few c . a little d . a small

　　6 . she is ______ to get it down .

　　a . short enough b . enough tall c . tall enough d . enough high

　　7 . would you like a little ______ milk ?

　　a . much b . many c . more d . most

　　8 . we enjoyed ______ at the party last night .

　　a . us b . our c . ourselves d . ourself

　　9 . the boys in class one enjoy ______ football .

　　a . play b . playing c . to play d . plays

　　10 . why did all his friends laugh ____ him ?

　　a . to b . at c . / d . over

　　11 . — how about coming with us to the film ?

　　— ______ .

　　a . i love b . i love to c . i\'d love to d . i\'d love

　　12 . what about ______ an early start ?

　　a . make b . making c . to make d . made

　　13 . — what colour is that eraser ?

　　— it\'s ______ .

　　a . a orange b . an orange c . the orange d . orange
　
　　14 . ______ the chickens before they are hatched ( 孵出 ) .

　　a . count b . counts c . not count d . don\'t count

　　15 . ______ is your father\'s birthday ?

　　a . where b . when c . how d . who

　　16 . how many ______ and ______ in your class ?

　　a . boy student ; girl ones b . boys student ; girls one

　　c . boy students ; girl ones d . boys students ; girls ones

　　17 . — ______ mary\'s telephone number ?

　　— 2749588 .

　　a . how many is b . how much is c . what\'s d . which are

　　18 . there are two big windows ______ the front wall .

　　a . in b . on c . at d . from

　　19 . he looked ______ and ill .

　　a . worry b . worried c . worrying d . to worry

　　20 . — how are you today ?

　　— i ______ fine , thanks .

　　a . to feel b . am feeling c . feels d . felt

　　Ⅱ . 单词填空

　　根据上下文，填写一个适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。

　　one day mr fox came to mr hare\'s h______ and said . “come with me q______ . mrs duck h______ six eggs . come a______ see them . ”

　　mr hare said , “no , i\'ll n______ come . i\'ll s______ here . ”

　　mr fox said , “you a______ lazy ( 懒惰的 ) . ”